物故
Chinese
| thing; object; matter | happening; instance; reason happening; instance; reason; cause; deceased; old | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (物故) |
物 | 故 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wùgù
- Zhuyin: ㄨˋ ㄍㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wùgù
- Wade–Giles: wu4-ku4
- Yale: wù-gù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuhguh
- Palladius: угу (ugu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: mjut kuH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mut kˤaʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯd kaːs/
Verb
物故
- (literary) to die
- 陵泣下數行，因與武决。單于召會武官屬，前以降及物故，凡隨武還者九人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
- Líng qìxià shù háng, yīn yǔ Wǔ jué. Chányú zhàohuì Wǔ guān shǔ, qián yǐ xiáng jí wùgù, fán suí Wǔ huán zhě jiǔrén. [Pinyin]
- Tears streamed down Li Ling’s face as he bid farewell to Su Wu. The chanyu called together the officials who had been in Su Wu’s party, but only nine men in all were left to accompany him home, since some had long surrendered to the Xiongnu and others had died.
陵泣下数行，因与武决。单于召会武官属，前以降及物故，凡随武还者九人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 是故一晝一夜，華開者謝；一春一秋，物故者新；激湍之下，必有深潭；高丘之下，必有浚谷。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 1360, Liu Ji,《司馬季主論卜》, translated into English as Divination by H. A. Giles
- Shìgù yī zhòu yī yè, huá kāi zhě xiè; yī chūn yī qiū, wùgù zhě xīn; jī tuān zhīxià, bì yǒu shēn tán; gāo qiū zhīxià, bì yǒu jùn gǔ. [Pinyin]
- In the space of a day and night, the flower blooms and dies. Between spring and autumn things perish and are then renewed. Beneath the roaring cascade a deep pool is found: dark valleys lie at the foot of high hills.
是故一昼一夜，华开者谢；一春一秋，物故者新；激湍之下，必有深潭；高丘之下，必有浚谷。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 物 | 故 |
| ぶつ > ぶっ Grade: 3 |
こ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
物故 • (bukko) ←ぶつこ (butuko)?
Verb
物故する • (bukko suru) ←ぶつこ (butuko)?suru (stem 物故し (bukko shi), past 物故した (bukko shita))
- to die
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:死ぬ
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 物故し | ぶっこし | bukko shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 物故し | ぶっこし | bukko shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 物故する | ぶっこする | bukko suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 物故する | ぶっこする | bukko suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 物故すれ | ぶっこすれ | bukko sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 物故せよ¹ 物故しろ² |
ぶっこせよ¹ ぶっこしろ² |
bukko seyo¹ bukko shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 物故される | ぶっこされる | bukko sareru |
| Causative | 物故させる 物故さす |
ぶっこさせる ぶっこさす |
bukko saseru bukko sasu |
| Potential | 物故できる | ぶっこできる | bukko dekiru |
| Volitional | 物故しよう | ぶっこしよう | bukko shiyō |
| Negative | 物故しない | ぶっこしない | bukko shinai |
| Negative continuative | 物故せず | ぶっこせず | bukko sezu |
| Formal | 物故します | ぶっこします | bukko shimasu |
| Perfective | 物故した | ぶっこした | bukko shita |
| Conjunctive | 物故して | ぶっこして | bukko shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 物故すれば | ぶっこすれば | bukko sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “物故”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026