沙

沙 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水火竹 (EFH), four-corner 3912₀, composition ⿰氵少)

• 唦, 挱, 猀, 逤, 桫, 䤬, 鯋, 乷, 娑, 挲, 桬, 㲚, 㸺, 硰, 裟, 䣉, 鯊, 鲨, 莎, 髿, 痧, 閯

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 611, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17212
• Dae Jaweon: page 1005, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1562, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6C99

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 水 (“water”) + 少 (“to lack; to be short of”).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(r)aj (“earth, sand”). Compare Tibetan ས (sa, “sand”) and Burmese သဲ (sai:, “sand”).

沙

1. sand (Classifier: 粒 c mn)

   泥沙  ―  níshā  ―  silt

   沙漠  ―  shāmò  ―  desert

2. (usually used in place names) shoal
3. something granular

   豆沙  ―  dòushā  ―  bean paste, especially red bean paste

4. mushy and rough (as sand), texture of a watermelon of good quality.

   沙瓤  ―  shāráng  ―  mushy watermelon pulp, Refers to the watermelon when the flesh becomes loose and fine-grained

   沙梨  ―  shālí  ―  Pyrus pyrifolia

   西沙瓜  ―  xīshāguā  ―  alternative of 硒砂瓜 (xī shā guā)

5. (of a voice) hoarse; husky

   沙啞／沙哑  ―  shāyǎ  ―  hoarse

   叫到把聲沙嗮 [Cantonese, trad.]
   叫到把声沙嗮 [Cantonese, simp.]

   giu³ dou³ baa² seng¹ saa¹ saai³ [Jyutping]

   shout so much that one's voice is all hoarse

6. (obsolete) the number 10⁻⁸
7. short for 沙皇 (shāhuáng)

   沙俄  ―  Shā'é  ―  Russian Empire

8. (Malaysia, Singapore) short for 沙巴 (Shābā, “Sabah”)
9. (Mainland China) short for 沙特阿拉伯 (Shātè Ālābó, “Saudi Arabia”)
10. (Hong Kong) short for 沙田 (shātián, “Sha Tin”)
11. a surname
12. (Hong Kong) short for 長沙灣／长沙湾 (Chángshāwān, “Cheung Sha Wan”)

• (sand):

• → Proto-Tai: *zwɯəjᴬ
  • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *zaːjᴬ
    • Thai: ทราย (saai)

沙

1. (dialectal) to shake in order to gather impurities to be removed

沙

1. (alt. form 娑) to twirl; to whirl
2. (alt. form 挲) to fondle; to caress

• “沙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Jōyō kanji)

• Go-on: しゃ (sha)
• Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
• Kun: すな (suna, 沙)、いさご (isago, 沙)、よなげる (yonageru, 沙げる)

From Middle Chinese 沙 (MC srae).

• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠]

• IPA^(key): [sa̠]

沙(しゃ) or 沙(さ) • (sha or sa) 

1. one hundred millionth (1 in 100,000,000)

• “^△沙”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

From Middle Chinese 沙 (MC srae|sraeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 사 (sa) (Yale: sa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

沙 (eumhun 모래 사 (morae sa))

1. hanja form^? of 사 (“sand”)

   Synonym: 砂 (사 (sa))

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

沙: Hán Việt readings: sa^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}, sá^[5][6][7][8]
沙: Nôm readings: sa^{[1][2][3][4][6][7][8]}, sà^[1][3][4], xa^[1], nhểu^[3], xòa/xoà^[3]

1. chữ Hán form of sa (“(in compounds) sand”)
2. chữ Nôm form of sa (“to fall; to drop down”)
3. chữ Nôm form of xa (“used in xót xa (“wretched; regretful”)”)