正直

Chinese

		just (right); main; upright just (right); main; upright; straight; correct; principle; Chinese 1st month of year	straight; vertical; frank straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright
simp. and trad. (正直)		正	直

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhèngzhí

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing³ zik⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳn-chhṳ̍t

(Hailu, HRS): zhin^ˇ chid^ˋ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiàⁿ-ti̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): zian³ dêg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngzhí
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngjhíh
  - Wade–Giles: chêng⁴-chih²
  - Yale: jèng-jŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqjyr
  - Palladius: чжэнчжи (čžɛnčži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    正值
    正直
    正職 / 正职
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zing³ zik⁶
  - Yale: jing jihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing³ dzik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing³ jig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡sɪk̚²/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    正值
    正直
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn-chhṳ̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziin ciid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zin⁴ cid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhin^ˇ chid^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃin¹¹ t͡ʃʰit²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàⁿ-ti̍t
  - Tâi-lô: tsiànn-ti̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cviardit
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tit̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tit̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tit̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ tit̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ tit̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zian³ dêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàⁿ te̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tek̚⁴/

Note: zian3 dêg8 - Jieyang.

Middle Chinese: tsyengH drik

Rime
Character	正	直
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之盛切	除力切
Baxter	tsyengH	drik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇŋ^H/	/ɖɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛŋ^H/	/ɖɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiæŋ^H/	/ȡiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciajŋ^H/	/ɖik̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛŋ^H/	/ȡiək̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛŋ^H/	/ȡĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ^H/	/ȡʱi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèng	zhí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing³	zik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*teŋ-s N-t<r>ək/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋs dɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	正	直
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèng	zhí
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyeng^H ›	‹ drik ›
Old Chinese	/*teŋ-s/	/*N-t<r>ək/
English	correct (adj., v.)	straight
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	正	直
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	17178	17269
Phonetic component	正	直
Rime group	耕	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	政	直
Old Chinese	/*tjeŋs/	/*dɯɡ/
Notes		金文象目測枉材以取直而會意

Adjective

正直

having personal integrity; upright
(literary, literally) orderly and straight
- 予見天下州之為唐舊治者，其城郭必皆寬廣，街道必皆正直，廨舍之為唐舊創者，其基址必皆宏敞。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  予见天下州之为唐旧治者，其城郭必皆宽广，街道必皆正直，廨舍之为唐旧创者，其基址必皆宏敞。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: 1670, 顧炎武,《日知録》
  Yú jiàn tiānxià zhōu zhī wéi Táng jiùzhì zhě, qí chéngguō bì jiē kuānguǎng, jiēdào bì jiē zhèngzhí, xièshè zhī wéi Táng jiù chuàng zhě, qí jīzhǐ bì jiē hóngchǎng. [Pinyin]
  I have observed that in the places where the administrative centers of the prefectures in the empire were established during the Tang dynasty, the city walls must be broad and expansive, and the roads and streets are invariably straight and in good order. As for the official buildings founded since then, their foundations are always spacious and grand.

Synonyms

edit

剛正 / 刚正 (gāngzhèng)
剛直 / 刚直 (gāngzhí)
悻直 (xìngzhí) (literary)
方正 (fāngzhèng)
樸直 / 朴直 (pǔzhí)
正大 (zhèngdà)
正派 (zhèngpài)
正當 / 正当
正經 / 正经
硬直 (Hokkien)
端 (duān)
端正 (duānzhèng)
耿介 (gěngjiè) (literary)
耿直 (gěngzhí)

Derived terms

正直清廉
正直無私 / 正直无私
正直無邪 / 正直无邪

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (正直):

→ Japanese: 正直(しょうじき) (shōjiki)
→ Korean: 정직(正直) (jeongjik)
→ Vietnamese: chính trực (正直)

Adverb

正直

Misspelling of 正值 (zhèngzhí, “just happen; just at the time of”).

Noun

正直

Misspelling of 正值 (zhèngzhí, “positive value”).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
正	直
しょう Grade: 1	じき Grade: 2
goon

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょーじき [shòójíꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
(Tokyo) しょーじき [shòójíkíꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːʑikʲi]

Adjective

正(しょう)直(じき) • (shōjiki) -na (adnominal 正(しょう)直(じき)な (shōjiki na), adverbial 正(しょう)直(じき)に (shōjiki ni))

honest (scrupulous with regard to telling the truth)

Inflection

Inflection of 正直
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	正直だろ	しょうじきだろ	shōjiki daro
Continuative (連用形)	正直で	しょうじきで	shōjiki de
Terminal (終止形)	正直だ	しょうじきだ	shōjiki da
Attributive (連体形)	正直な	しょうじきな	shōjiki na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	正直なら	しょうじきなら	shōjiki nara
Imperative (命令形)	正直であれ	しょうじきであれ	shōjiki de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	正直ではない正直じゃない	しょうじきではないしょうじきじゃない	shōjiki de wa nai shōjiki ja nai
Informal past	正直だった	しょうじきだった	shōjiki datta
Informal negative past	正直ではなかった正直じゃなかった	しょうじきではなかったしょうじきじゃなかった	shōjiki de wa nakatta shōjiki ja nakatta
Formal	正直です	しょうじきです	shōjiki desu
Formal negative	正直ではありません正直じゃありません	しょうじきではありませんしょうじきじゃありません	shōjiki de wa arimasen shōjiki ja arimasen
Formal past	正直でした	しょうじきでした	shōjiki deshita
Formal negative past	正直ではありませんでした正直じゃありませんでした	しょうじきではありませんでしたしょうじきじゃありませんでした	shōjiki de wa arimasen deshita shōjiki ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	正直で	しょうじきで	shōjiki de
Conditional	正直なら（ば）	しょうじきなら（ば）	shōjiki nara (ba)
Provisional	正直だったら	しょうじきだったら	shōjiki dattara
Volitional	正直だろう	しょうじきだろう	shōjiki darō
Adverbial	正直に	しょうじきに	shōjiki ni
Degree	正直さ	しょうじきさ	shōjikisa

References

^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

“正直”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
正	直

Noun

正直 • (jeongjik) (hangeul 정직)

hanja form^? of 정직 (“honesty”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
正	直

Adjective

正直

chữ Hán form of chính trực (“honorable”)

[ZAJ-1] Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

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