服役

Chinese

		clothes; dress; garment clothes; dress; garment; submit; take (medicine)	service
simp. and trad. (服役)		服	役

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fúyì

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk⁶ jik⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k-e̍k / ho̍k-ia̍k / ho̍k-ia̍h

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fúyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fúyì
  - Wade–Giles: fu²-i⁴
  - Yale: fú-yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwuyih
  - Palladius: фуи (fui)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ i⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    扶翼
    服役
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fuk⁶ jik⁶
  - Yale: fuhk yihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁹ jik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fug⁶ yig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚² jɪk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k-e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ho̍k-i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hog'ek
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɪk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k-ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ho̍k-ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hog'iak
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚²⁴⁻² iak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k-ia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ho̍k-ia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hog'iah
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴⁻³² iaʔ⁴/

Middle Chinese: bjuwk ywek

Rime
Character	服	役
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	昔 (124)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	房六切	營隻切
Baxter	bjuwk	ywek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/	/jwiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/	/jʷiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/	/iuæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/	/jwiajk̚/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/	/iuɛk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/	/jĭwɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/	/i̯wɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk⁶	wik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək ɢʷek/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ ɢʷeɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	服	役
Reading #	3/4	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ ywek ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ək/	/*ɢʷek/
English	subdue, submit	war expedition; service
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	服	役
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3366	15006
Phonetic component	服	役
Rime group	職	錫
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	伏	役
Old Chinese	/*bɯɡ/	/*ɢʷeɡ/

Verb

服⫽役 (verb-object)

to serve in the army; to be in active service
(obsolete) to do hard labor

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 當兵 (“to be a soldier; to serve in the army”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		當兵, 服役, 服兵役
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	當兵
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	當兵, 服兵役 formal
Cantonese	Hong Kong	當兵
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當兵, 做兵
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	當兵, 做兵
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當兵, 做兵
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當兵, 做兵
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當兵, 做兵
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	做兵
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	做兵
Southern Min	Xiamen	食糧 dated
	Tainan	做兵
	Singapore (Hokkien)	做兵
	Manila (Hokkien)	做兵

See also

兵役 (bīngyì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
服	役
ふく Grade: 3	えき Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふくえき [fùkúékí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟e̞kʲi]

Noun

服(ふく)役(えき) • (fukueki)

penal servitude, time in prison

Verb

服(ふく)役(えき)する • (fukueki suru) intransitive suru (stem 服(ふく)役(えき)し (fukueki shi), past 服(ふく)役(えき)した (fukueki shita))

serve time in prison
- 2023 December 7, “ペルーのフジモリ元大統領収監先の刑務所から釈放 [Former Peruvian President Fujimori released from prison]”, in NHK‎^[1]:
  
  南米(なんべい)のペルーで日系人(にっけいじん)として初(はじ)めて大統領(だいとうりょう)に就任(しゅうにん)し、有罪(ゆうざい)判決(はんけつ)を受(う)けて服役(ふくえき)していた、アルベルト・フジモリ元(もと)大統領(だいとうりょう)が 6 日(にち)、収監(しゅうかん)先(さき)の刑務所(けいむしょ)から釈放(しゃくほう)されました。
  Nanbei no perū de nikkeijin toshite hajimete daitōryō ni shūninshi , yūzai hanketsu o ukete fukuekishite ita , aruberuto fujimori moto daitōryō ga 6 nichi , shūkan saki no keimusho kara shakuhō saremashita .
  On the 6th day [of December], former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori, who was the first Japanese person to become president of the South American country and who had been serving his sentence after being convicted, was released from prison.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "服役する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	服役し	ふくえきし	fukueki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	服役し	ふくえきし	fukueki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	服役する	ふくえきする	fukueki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	服役する	ふくえきする	fukueki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	服役すれ	ふくえきすれ	fukueki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	服役せよ¹ 服役しろ²	ふくえきせよ¹ ふくえきしろ²	fukueki seyo¹ fukueki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	服役される	ふくえきされる	fukueki sareru
Causative	服役させる服役さす	ふくえきさせるふくえきさす	fukueki saseru fukueki sasu
Potential	服役できる	ふくえきできる	fukueki dekiru
Volitional	服役しよう	ふくえきしよう	fukueki shiyō
Negative	服役しない	ふくえきしない	fukueki shinai
Negative continuative	服役せず	ふくえきせず	fukueki sezu
Formal	服役します	ふくえきします	fukueki shimasu
Perfective	服役した	ふくえきした	fukueki shita
Conjunctive	服役して	ふくえきして	fukueki shite
Hypothetical conditional	服役すれば	ふくえきすれば	fukueki sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“服役”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026