有り

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings

在り

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

The (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb () (aru, to exist, to be).

Noun

() • (ari

  1. nominalization of 有る (aru): there is, available
    Antonym: 無し (nashi, there isn't, unavailable)
  2. (colloquial) OK, acceptable
    Antonyms: ばつ, × (batsu, not OK, unacceptable)

Verb

() • (ari

  1. stem or continuative form of 有る (aru) [godan]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

The Classical and Old Japanese form of modern verb 有る (aru, to be, there is).

Verb

() • (ari-ri

  1. Classical Japanese form of 有る (aru): to be, to exist
    (てき)(ほん)(のう)()あり
    Teki wa Honnō-ji ni ari.
    The enemy is at Honnō-ji. (attributed to Akechi Mitsuhide)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "有り" (ラ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 有ら あら ara
Continuative (連用形) 有り あり ari
Terminal (終止形) 有り あり ari
Attributive (連体形) 有る ある aru
Realis (已然形) 有れ あれ are
Imperative (命令形) 有れ あれ are
Key constructions
Negative 有らず あらず arazu
Contrasting conjunction 有れど あれど aredo
Causal conjunction 有れば あれば areba
Conditional conjunction 有らば あらば araba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 有りき ありき ariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 有りけり ありけり arikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 有りつ ありつ aritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 有りぬ ありぬ arinu
Perfect-continuative tense 有りたり[1] ありたり aritari
Volitional 有らむ あらむ aramu

[1]Often proscribed due to a redundancy of having 2 あり.