有り
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 有 |
| あ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 有 在り 在 |
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 有る (aru, “to exist, to be”).
Noun
有り • (ari)
- nominalization of 有る (aru): there is, available
- Antonym: 無し (nashi, “there isn't, unavailable”)
- (colloquial) OK, acceptable
- Antonyms: ばつ, × (batsu, “not OK, unacceptable”)
Verb
有り • (ari)
- stem or continuative form of 有る (aru) [godan]
Derived terms
- ありがとう (arigatō, “thank you”)
- 有り難い (arigatai, “special”)
- ありか (arika, “location”)
- 在りし日 (arishihi, “days of yore”)
Etymology 2
The Classical and Old Japanese form of modern verb 有る (aru, “to be, there is”).
Verb
有り • (ari) †-ri
- Classical Japanese form of 有る (aru): to be, to exist
- 敵は本能寺にあり。
- Teki wa Honnō-ji ni ari.
- The enemy is at Honnō-ji. (attributed to Akechi Mitsuhide)
- 敵は本能寺にあり。
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 有ら | あら | ara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 有り | あり | ari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 有り | あり | ari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 有る | ある | aru |
| Realis (已然形) | 有れ | あれ | are |
| Imperative (命令形) | 有れ | あれ | are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 有らず | あらず | arazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 有れど | あれど | aredo |
| Causal conjunction | 有れば | あれば | areba |
| Conditional conjunction | 有らば | あらば | araba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 有りき | ありき | ariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 有りけり | ありけり | arikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 有りつ | ありつ | aritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 有りぬ | ありぬ | arinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 有りたり[1] | ありたり | aritari |
| Volitional | 有らむ | あらむ | aramu |
[1]Often proscribed due to a redundancy of having 2 あり.