智

智	U+667A, 智 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-667A

← 晹
[U+6679]

CJK Unified Ideographs

晻 →
[U+667B]

Translingual

Han character

智 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人口日 (ORA), four-corner 8660₀, composition ⿱知日)

Derived characters

𫣠, 𡐻, 𡡧, 潪, 𨼓, 𮟎, 𪳲, 𥋒, 𧒊, 䠦, 𭧝, 𰖨, 䚐, 𭨔, 𫋰, 𣉻

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 497, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14010
Dae Jaweon: page 863, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1518, character 15
Unihan data for U+667A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		智
alternative forms		知𣉻𥏼

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 智
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
彘	*l'eds
璏	l'eds, ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙	l̥ʰiːs, ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知	*ʔl'e
蜘	*te
智	*ʔl'es
鼅	*te
潪	teɡs, deɡ
踟	*de
雉	*l'iʔ
矢	*hliʔ
痴	*l̥ʰɯ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“adult”) + 口 (“mouth”) + 子 (“child”) – to transmit knowledge. In western Zhou bronze inscriptions, 甘 started being added. As time went by, 子 corrupted into 于, 大 into 矢, and 甘 into 白, giving rise to the form seen in the Shuowen Jiezi (𥏼). The component 于 was dropped around the Western Han, arriving at the modern form.

Etymology

Exopassive of 知 (OC *ʔl'e, “to know”), literally “what is known > knowledge”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zi¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳ

(Hailu, HRS): zhi^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): zi⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): dé
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): di⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tì

(Teochew, Peng'im): di³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsy; ¹tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Yale: jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi³
  - Yale: ji
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhi^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛi²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: di⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: di̍
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì
  - Tâi-lô: tì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dix
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ti²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: di³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsy; ¹tsy
  - MiniDict: tsy^去; tsy^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsr; ¹tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩³⁴/, /t͡sz̩⁵³/

Middle Chinese: trjeH

Rime
Character	智
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	知義切
Baxter	trjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ȶje^H/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tre-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'es/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	智
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trje^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tre-s/
English	knowledge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	智
Reading #	1/1
No.	11497
Phonetic component	矢
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	智
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'es/

Definitions

智

wisdom; knowledge; intelligence
智慧 ― zhìhuì ― wisdom

智力 ― zhìlì ― intelligence
wise; informed; intelligent; astute
a surname

Compounds

三智
上智 (shàngzhì)
三智五猜
不智 (bùzhì)
人工智慧 (réngōng zhìhuì)
人急智生
人窮智短 / 人穷智短
人貧智短 / 人贫智短
仁智互見 / 仁智互见
低智 (dīzhì)
做張做智 / 做张做智
停留長智 / 停留长智
元智大學 / 元智大学
利令智昏 (lìlìngzhìhūn)
囊底智
大智 (dàzhì)
大智如愚 (dàzhìrúyú)
大智度論 / 大智度论
大智若愚 (dàzhìruòyú)
失張失智 / 失张失智
常智
弱智 (ruòzhì)
心智 (xīnzhì)
急中生智 (jízhōngshēngzhì)
急智
情急智生
悲智
情緒智商 / 情绪智商
意智
慌張慌智 / 慌张慌智
慾令智昏 / 欲令智昏 (yùlìngzhìhūn)
成智
才微智淺 / 才微智浅
才智 (cáizhì)
挈瓶小智 (qièpíngxiǎozhì)
故智
啟智 / 启智
施謀用智 / 施谋用智
明智 (míngzhì)
明智之舉 / 明智之举
智人 (zhìrén)
智仁勇
智儼 / 智俨
智利 (Zhìlì)
智利硝石 (zhìlì xiāoshí)
智力 (zhìlì)
智力商數 / 智力商数
智力年齡 / 智力年龄
智力投資 / 智力投资
智力測驗 / 智力测验
智勇 (zhìyǒng)
智勇兼全 (zhìyǒngjiānquán)
智勇雙全 / 智勇双全 (zhìyǒngshuāngquán)
智取 (zhìqǔ)
智周
智商 (zhìshāng)
智器
智囊 (zhìnáng)
智囊團 / 智囊团 (zhìnángtuán)
智圓行方 / 智圆行方
智均力敵 / 智均力敌
智士 (zhìshì)
智多星 (zhìduōxīng)
智小言大
智小謀大 / 智小谋大
智巧 (zhìqiǎo)
智庫 / 智库 (zhìkù)
智性化
智慧 (zhìhuì)
智慮 / 智虑
智慧劍 / 智慧剑
智慧城 (Zhìhuìchéng)
智旭
智母
智永
智珠
智略 (zhìlüè)
智盡能索 / 智尽能索
智短
智禽
智算
智者 (zhìzhě)
智者不惑
智育 (zhìyù)
智能 (zhìnéng)
智能不足
智能權 / 智能权
智能犯罪
智能遲滯 / 智能迟滞
智術 / 智术 (zhìshù)
智調 / 智调
智謀 / 智谋 (zhìmóu)
智識 / 智识 (zhìshí)
智量
智防
智障 (zhìzhàng)
智顗 / 智𫖮
智齒 / 智齿 (zhìchǐ)
有張沒智 / 有张没智
材智高奇
梅智
機智 / 机智 (jīzhì)
殫智竭力 / 殚智竭力
民智 (mínzhì)
沒張智 / 没张智
沒意智 / 没意智
沒魂少智 / 没魂少智
河曲智叟
獐智
理智 (lǐzhì)
用智鋪謀 / 用智铺谋
百龍之智 / 百龙之智 (bǎilóngzhīzhì)
益智 (yìzhì)
益智圖 / 益智图
益智班
睿智 (ruìzhì)
矜己任智
矜智負能 / 矜智负能
神智 (shénzhì)
神智不清
竭智盡力 / 竭智尽力
竭智盡忠 / 竭智尽忠
絕聖棄智 / 绝圣弃智 (juéshèngqìzhì)
聰明才智 / 聪明才智 (cōngmíngcáizhì)
色智
英明睿智
襲人故智 / 袭人故智
見仁見智 / 见仁见智 (jiànrénjiànzhì)
見智見仁 / 见智见仁
計窮智短 / 计穷智短
誇才賣智 / 夸才卖智
誇能鬥智 / 夸能斗智
超智
足智多謀 / 足智多谋 (zúzhìduōmóu)
運智 / 运智
運智鋪謀 / 运智铺谋
金剛智 / 金刚智
飾智 / 饰智
鬥智 / 斗智 (dòuzhì)

References

“智”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “智”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 159.