擁護

See also: 拥护

Chinese

		(v) gather round; rush in; crowd (v) gather round; rush in; crowd; throng; to hold; crowded; to support	protect
trad. (擁護)		擁	護
simp. (拥护)		拥	护

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōnghù, yǒnghù

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄥㄏㄨˋ, ㄩㄥˇ ㄏㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jung² wu⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yúng-fu
Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆ng-hô
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iòng-hō͘ / ióng-hō͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): iong³ hu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōnghù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥㄏㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yonghù
  - Wade–Giles: yung¹-hu⁴
  - Yale: yūng-hù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ionghuh
  - Palladius: юнху (junxu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵ xu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǒnghù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄏㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǒnghù
  - Wade–Giles: yung³-hu⁴
  - Yale: yǔng-hù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeonghuh
  - Palladius: юнху (junxu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jung² wu⁶
  - Yale: yúng wuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung² wu⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung² wu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵ wuː²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng-fu
  - Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˋ fu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung³ fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹ fu⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng-fu
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˋ fu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung³ fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹ fu⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆ng-hô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(h-)ŋou²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iòng-hō͘
  - Tâi-lô: iòng-hōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iorngho
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hɔ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-hō͘
  - Tâi-lô: ióng-hōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iofngho
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iong³ hu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iòng hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hu³⁵/

Verb

擁護

(transitive) to support; to uphold; to endorse

Synonyms

edit

允諾 / 允诺 (yǔnnuò)
同意 (tóngyì)
壋頭 / 垱头 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, figurative)
應 / 应 (yīng)
批准 (pīzhǔn)
承認 / 承认 (chéngrèn)
答應 / 答应 (dāyìng)
認可 / 认可 (rènkě)
認同 / 认同 (rèntóng)
贊同 / 赞同 (zàntóng)
贊成 / 赞成 (zànchéng)
附合 (fùhé) (literary, to echo)
附和 (fùhè) (to echo)
附議 / 附议 (fùyì)
首肯 (shǒukěn) (literary)
點頭 / 点头 (diǎntóu) (figurative)

Antonyms

edit

回絕 / 回绝 (huíjué)
屏絕 / 屏绝 (bǐngjué)
拒 (jù) (formal, or in compounds)
拒絕 / 拒绝 (jùjué)
摒絕 / 摒绝 (bìngjué)

Derived terms

擁護者 / 拥护者 (yōnghùzhě, yǒnghùzhě)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (擁護):

→ Japanese: 擁(よう)護(ご) (yōgo)
→ Korean: 옹호(擁護) (ongho)
→ Vietnamese: ủng hộ (擁護)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
擁	護
よう Grade: S	ご Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よーご [yóꜜògò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ːɡo̞]

Noun

擁(よう)護(ご) • (yōgo)

protection, defense, championship

Verb

擁(よう)護(ご)する • (yōgo suru) transitive suru (stem 擁(よう)護(ご)し (yōgo shi), past 擁(よう)護(ご)した (yōgo shita))

to protect, to support, to maintain
- 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
  現状(げんじょう)を擁護(ようご)する訳(わけ)にはゆかない。
  Genjō o yōgo suru wake ni wa yukanai.
  The status quo is not sustainable.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "擁護する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	擁護し	ようごし	yōgo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	擁護し	ようごし	yōgo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	擁護する	ようごする	yōgo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	擁護する	ようごする	yōgo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	擁護すれ	ようごすれ	yōgo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	擁護せよ¹ 擁護しろ²	ようごせよ¹ ようごしろ²	yōgo seyo¹ yōgo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	擁護される	ようごされる	yōgo sareru
Causative	擁護させる擁護さす	ようごさせるようごさす	yōgo saseru yōgo sasu
Potential	擁護できる	ようごできる	yōgo dekiru
Volitional	擁護しよう	ようごしよう	yōgo shiyō
Negative	擁護しない	ようごしない	yōgo shinai
Negative continuative	擁護せず	ようごせず	yōgo sezu
Formal	擁護します	ようごします	yōgo shimasu
Perfective	擁護した	ようごした	yōgo shita
Conjunctive	擁護して	ようごして	yōgo shite
Hypothetical conditional	擁護すれば	ようごすれば	yōgo sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“擁護”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
擁	護

Noun

擁護 • (ongho) (hangeul 옹호)

hanja form^? of 옹호 (“protection, safeguard, cover, support”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
擁	護

Verb

擁護

chữ Hán form of ủng hộ (“to support; to back”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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