播種

See also: 播种

Chinese

sow; scatter; spread
sow; scatter; spread; broadcast
 
to plant; to cultivate; kind
to plant; to cultivate; kind; type; race; breed; seed; species (taxonomy)
 
trad. (播種) 播 種
simp. (播种) 播 种

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

播⫽種 (verb-object)

  1. (intransitive) to sow seeds
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 播種 (“to sow seeds”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 下種
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 播種, 撒種, 下種, 下子
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 播種, 撒種
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 下種, 播種
Central Plains Mandarin Xining 下種
Xuzhou 下種
Pizhou 下種
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 下種, 撒種
Donghai 點種, 撒種
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 撒種
Lanzhou 下子, 下種
Ürümqi 下種
Southwestern Mandarin Liuzhou 播種, 撒種
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 下種, 播種, 撒種
Yangzhou 下種, 播種
Baoying 下種
Taizhou 下種
Zhenjiang 下種
Lianyungang 溜種, 擱種
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 下種
Xuyi 下種
Nantong 下種
Rugao 下種
Yancheng 下種
Funing 下種
Sihong 下種
Cantonese Guangzhou 落種
Hong Kong 播種
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 下種, 落種
Macau 落種
Guangzhou (Panyu) 落種
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 撒秧
Guangzhou (Conghua) 撒秧
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 落種
Foshan 播種
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 落種
Foshan (Shunde) 落種
Foshan (Sanshui) 下種
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 下秧
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 下種
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 下種
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 落種
Zhuhai (Doumen) 下種
Jiangmen (Baisha) 下秧
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 下秧
Taishan 下秧
Kaiping (Chikan) 下秧
Enping (Niujiang) 下秧
Heshan (Yayao) 下秧
Dongguan 落種
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 下秧
Gan Lichuan 下種
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 下秧, 下種
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 下種
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 下種, 下穀種
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 落穀
Jin Taiyuan 種子子
Xinzhou 滴子兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 下種, 撒種
Eastern Min Fuzhou 䆊種
Southern Min Xiamen 掖種, 放種, 落種, 落塗
Quanzhou 掖種, 掖子, 掖秧, 落種, 落塗
Jinjiang 掖種
Zhangzhou 掖種, 掖子, 放子, 落種, 落塗
Tainan 掖種
Chaozhou 落種
Jieyang 掖種, 落塗
Haikou 掖種
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 下秧
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 撒種
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 下種子
Suzhou 落種
Wuxi 落穀
Nantong (Haimen) 落穀
Changzhou 落穀
Danyang 下種
Nanjing (Gaochun) 下種
Hangzhou 下種
Wenzhou 間種
Xiang Changsha 下種
Derived terms
  • 播種機 / 播种机

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

播種

  1. (transitive) to grow by sowing seeds

Japanese

Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    播 種
    は
    Jinmeiyō     		しゅ
    Grade: 4
    on'yomi goon

    Appears to be a learned borrowing from Chinese 播種 / 播种. Ultimately from Middle Chinese compound 播種 / 播种 (paH tsyowngX, literally “to sow + seed”) or 播種 / 播种 (paH tsyowngH, literally “to sow + to sow”). First cited in Japanese to 1872.[1]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    播(は)種(しゅ) • (hashu) 

    1. [from 1872] sowing, the spreading of seed on the ground for growing a crop
      Synonym: 種蒔き (tanemaki)
    2. [date unknown] (rare, medicine) dissemination (the spreading out of cells within the body, particularly cells of an invasive disease or of cancer)
      Synonyms: 散在 (sanzai), 汎発 (hanpatsu)
      Hyponym: 転移 (ten'i, “metastasis”)
    Derived terms

    Verb

    播(は)種(しゅ)する • (hashu suru) suru (stem 播(は)種(しゅ)し (hashu shi), past 播(は)種(しゅ)した (hashu shita))

    1. [from 1872] (transitive) to sow, to spread seed on the ground for growing a crop
      Synonym: 種蒔き (tanemaki)
    2. [date unknown] (rare, intransitive, medicine) to disseminate (to spread out within the body, particularly for cells of an invasive disease or of cancer)
      Synonyms: 散在 (sanzai), 汎発 (hanpatsu)
      Hyponym: 転移 (ten'i, “metastasize”)
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of "播種する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 播種し はしゅし hashu shi
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 播種し はしゅし hashu shi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 播種する はしゅする hashu suru
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 播種する はしゅする hashu suru
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 播種すれ はしゅすれ hashu sure
    Meireikei ("imperative") 播種せよ¹
    播種しろ²         		はしゅせよ¹
    はしゅしろ²         		hashu seyo¹
    hashu shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive 播種される はしゅされる hashu sareru
    Causative 播種させる
    播種さす         		はしゅさせる
    はしゅさす         		hashu saseru
    hashu sasu
    Potential 播種できる はしゅできる hashu dekiru
    Volitional 播種しよう はしゅしよう hashu shiyō
    Negative 播種しない はしゅしない hashu shinai
    Negative continuative 播種せず はしゅせず hashu sezu
    Formal 播種します はしゅします hashu shimasu
    Perfective 播種した はしゅした hashu shita
    Conjunctive 播種して はしゅして hashu shite
    Hypothetical conditional 播種すれば はしゅすれば hashu sureba

    ¹ Written imperative
    ² Spoken imperative

    Etymology 2

      Kanji in this term
      播 種
      はん
      Jinmeiyō       		しゅ
      Grade: 4
      kan'yōon goon

      Variation of hashu reading, using the kan'yōon of han for the first character. First cited to 1879.[1]

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [hã̠ɰ̃ɕɨ]

      Noun

      播(はん)種(しゅ) • (hanshu) 

      1. [from 1879] (rare) sowing, the spreading of seed on the ground for growing a crop
        Synonym: 種蒔き (tanemaki)
      2. [date unknown] (medicine) dissemination (the spreading out of cells within the body, particularly cells of an invasive disease or of cancer)
        Hyponym: 転移 (ten'i, “metastasis”)

      Verb

      播(はん)種(しゅ)する • (hanshu suru) suru (stem 播(はん)種(しゅ)し (hanshu shi), past 播(はん)種(しゅ)した (hanshu shita))

      1. [from 1879] (rare, transitive) to sow, to spread seed on the ground for growing a crop
        Synonym: 種蒔き (tanemaki)
      2. [date unknown] (intransitive, medicine) to disseminate (to spread out within the body, particularly for cells of an invasive disease or of cancer)
        Hyponym: 転移 (ten'i, “metastasize”)
      Usage notes
      • Although some dictionaries[1][5][6] list this separate reading with a distinct sense, other dictionaries[2][7][3][4] do not list any hanshu reading, and if they include the medical dissemination sense, they do so under the hanshu reading.[1]
      • The Microsoft IME for Japanese only recognizes the hashu reading for this kanji compound.
      Conjugation
      Conjugation of "播種する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
      Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
      Mizenkei ("imperfective") 播種し はしゅし hashu shi
      Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 播種し はしゅし hashu shi
      Shūshikei ("terminal") 播種する はしゅする hashu suru
      Rentaikei ("attributive") 播種する はしゅする hashu suru
      Kateikei ("hypothetical") 播種すれ はしゅすれ hashu sure
      Meireikei ("imperative") 播種せよ¹
      播種しろ²             		はしゅせよ¹
      はしゅしろ²             		hashu seyo¹
      hashu shiro²
      Key constructions
      Passive 播種される はしゅされる hashu sareru
      Causative 播種させる
      播種さす             		はしゅさせる
      はしゅさす             		hashu saseru
      hashu sasu
      Potential 播種できる はしゅできる hashu dekiru
      Volitional 播種しよう はしゅしよう hashu shiyō
      Negative 播種しない はしゅしない hashu shinai
      Negative continuative 播種せず はしゅせず hashu sezu
      Formal 播種します はしゅします hashu shimasu
      Perfective 播種した はしゅした hashu shita
      Conjunctive 播種して はしゅして hashu shite
      Hypothetical conditional 播種すれば はしゅすれば hashu sureba

      ¹ Written imperative
      ² Spoken imperative

      Further reading

      References

      1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “播種”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
      2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
      3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
      4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
      5. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
      6. ^ “DIC”, in goo辞書‎[2] (in Japanese) (dictionary), Goo, 23 December 2014 (last accessed), archived from the original on 24 October 2021
      7. ^ “播種”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
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