損害

See also: 损害

Chinese

		to damage; injure; to lose to damage; injure; to lose; to harm	to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
trad. (損害)		損	害
simp. (损害)		损	害

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sǔnhài

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣˇ ㄏㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syun² hoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sún-hoi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sún-hāi / súiⁿ-hāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): sung² hai⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sǔnhài
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣˇ ㄏㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sǔnhài
  - Wade–Giles: sun³-hai⁴
  - Yale: swǔn-hài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soenhay
  - Palladius: суньхай (sunʹxaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: syun² hoi⁶
  - Yale: syún hoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: syn² hoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xun² hoi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syːn³⁵ hɔːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sún-hoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: sun^ˋ hoi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sun³ hoi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sun³¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sún-hāi
  - Tâi-lô: sún-hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: swnhai
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hai³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: súiⁿ-hāi
  - Tâi-lô: suínn-hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svuy'hai
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sung² hai⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: súng hāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ hai¹¹/

Verb

損害

to harm; to cause destruction to; to mar; to sully; to damage (e.g. someone's reputation); to adversely affect; to negatively impact; to diminish
損害國家利益／损害国家利益 ― sǔnhài guójiā lìyì ― to harm the national interest

Synonyms

edit

傷害 / 伤害 (shānghài)
危及 (wēijí)
危害 (wēihài)
妨害 (fánghài)
戕害 (qiānghài) (literary)
戕賊 / 戕贼 (literary)
損 / 损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
損傷 / 损伤 (sǔnshāng)
暴害 (bàohài) (literary)
有傷 / 有伤 (yǒushāng) (chiefly used in derived terms)
禍 / 祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
禍害 / 祸害 (huòhài)

Derived terms

損害管制 / 损害管制 (sǔnhài guǎnzhì)
損害賠償金 / 损害赔偿金 (sǔnhài péichángjīn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
損	害
そん Grade: 5	がい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そんがい [sòńgáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sõ̞ŋɡa̠i]

Noun

損(そん)害(がい) • (songai)

damage
loss

Verb

損(そん)害(がい)する • (songai suru) suru (stem 損(そん)害(がい)し (songai shi), past 損(そん)害(がい)した (songai shita))

(rare) to suffer damage or loss

Conjugation

Conjugation of "損害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	損害し	そんがいし	songai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	損害し	そんがいし	songai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	損害する	そんがいする	songai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	損害する	そんがいする	songai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	損害すれ	そんがいすれ	songai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	損害せよ¹ 損害しろ²	そんがいせよ¹ そんがいしろ²	songai seyo¹ songai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	損害される	そんがいされる	songai sareru
Causative	損害させる損害さす	そんがいさせるそんがいさす	songai saseru songai sasu
Potential	損害できる	そんがいできる	songai dekiru
Volitional	損害しよう	そんがいしよう	songai shiyō
Negative	損害しない	そんがいしない	songai shinai
Negative continuative	損害せず	そんがいせず	songai sezu
Formal	損害します	そんがいします	songai shimasu
Perfective	損害した	そんがいした	songai shita
Conjunctive	損害して	そんがいして	songai shite
Hypothetical conditional	損害すれば	そんがいすれば	songai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“損害”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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