授ける
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 授 |
| さず Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
Derived via regular historical shifts from the classical lower bigrade (カ行下二段活用 (ka-gyō shimo nidan katsuyō)) verb 授く (sazuku).[1][2][3][4]
A surface analysis would suggest that this ultimately derives as a compound of さ (sa, of uncertain meaning) + 付ける (tsukeru, “to stick or attach something to something else; to put something somewhere”).
First attested in ideographic form in the Nihon Shoki of 720, and in phonetic spelling in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1][5]
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 授ける
| Plain | 授ける | さずける | [sàzúkéꜜrù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 授けて | さずけて | [sàzúꜜkètè] |
| Perfective | 授けた | さずけた | [sàzúꜜkètà] |
| Negative | 授けない | さずけない | [sàzúkéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 授けなかった | さずけなかった | [sàzúkéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 授ければ | さずければ | [sàzúkéꜜrèbà] |
| Past conditional | 授けたら | さずけたら | [sàzúꜜkètàrà] |
| Imperative | 授けろ 授けよ |
さずけろ さずけよ |
[sàzúkéꜜrò] [sàzúkéꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 授けよう | さずけよー | [sàzúkéyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 授けたい | さずけたい | [sàzúkétáꜜì] |
| Formal | 授けます | さずけます | [sàzúkémáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 授けません | さずけません | [sàzúkémáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 授けましょう | さずけましょー | [sàzúkémáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 授けました | さずけました | [sàzúkémáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 授け 授けに |
さずけ さずけに |
[sàzúꜜkè] [sàzúꜜkè nì] |
| Negative continuative | 授けず 授けずに |
さずけず さずけずに |
[sàzúkéꜜzù] [sàzúkéꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 授けられる | さずけられる | [sàzúkéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 授けさせる 授けさす |
さずけさせる さずけさす |
[sàzúkésáséꜜrù] [sàzúkésáꜜsù] |
| Potential | 授けられる 授けれる |
さずけられる さずけれる |
[sàzúkéráréꜜrù] [sàzúkéréꜜrù] |
Verb
授ける • (sazukeru) ←さづける (sadukeru)?transitive ichidan (stem 授け (sazuke), past 授けた (sazuketa))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 授ける |
| mediopassive | 授かる |
- [from 720] to bestow, confer, endow with a thing, as a superior to an inferior
- [from 900] to bestow, confer, endow with knowledge: to teach, to instruct
- [from early 1600s] to bestow, confer, endow, vest, award with a title, honor, power, or right
- Synonym: 与える (ataeru)
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 授け | さずけ | sazuke |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 授け | さずけ | sazuke |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 授ける | さずける | sazukeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 授ける | さずける | sazukeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 授けれ | さずけれ | sazukere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 授けよ¹ 授けろ² |
さずけよ¹ さずけろ² |
sazukeyo¹ sazukero² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 授けられる | さずけられる | sazukerareru |
| Causative | 授けさせる 授けさす |
さずけさせる さずけさす |
sazukesaseru sazukesasu |
| Potential | 授けられる 授けれる³ |
さずけられる さずけれる³ |
sazukerareru sazukereru³ |
| Volitional | 授けよう | さずけよう | sazukeyō |
| Negative | 授けない 授けぬ 授けん |
さずけない さずけぬ さずけん |
sazukenai sazukenu sazuken |
| Negative continuative | 授けず | さずけず | sazukezu |
| Formal | 授けます | さずけます | sazukemasu |
| Perfective | 授けた | さずけた | sazuketa |
| Conjunctive | 授けて | さずけて | sazukete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 授ければ | さずければ | sazukereba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “授”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ “授ける”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4465:, spelled in the continuative as 佐豆氣 ⟨saduke₂⟩, available online here
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “授ける”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026