持久

Chinese

	to grasp; to hold; support to grasp; to hold; support; manage; direct; maintain	(long) time; (long) duration of time
trad. (持久)	持	久
simp. ^#(持久)	持	久
anagram	久持

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chíjiǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄔˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴ gau²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhî-kú / chhî-kiú

(Teochew, Peng'im): ti⁵ gu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chíjiǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄔˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chíhjiǒu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih²-chiu³
  - Yale: chŕ-jyǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyrjeou
  - Palladius: чицзю (čiczju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ci⁴ gau²
  - Yale: chìh gáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴ gau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴ geo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhî-kú
  - Tâi-lô: tshî-kú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chi'kuo
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi²³⁻³³ ku⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ ku⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi¹³⁻²² ku⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² ku⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² ku⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhî-kiú
  - Tâi-lô: tshî-kiú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chi'kiuo
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² kiu⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² kiu⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi²³⁻³³ kiu⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ kiu⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi¹³⁻²² kiu⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ti⁵ gu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thî kú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ku⁵²/

Adjective

持久

long-lasting; lasting; long-term; enduring; protracted; extended
肥效持久 ― féixiào chíjiǔ ― long-lasting fertilizing effect

藥效持久／药效持久 ― yàoxiào chíjiǔ ― long-lasting efficacy

做持久打算 ― zuò chíjiǔ dǎsuàn ― to make a long-term plan

爭取持久和平／争取持久和平 ― zhēngqǔ chíjiǔ hépíng ― to strive for lasting peace

保持持久穩定／保持持久稳定 ― bǎochí chíjiǔ wěndìng ― to maintain lasting stability

Derived terms

持久之計 / 持久之计
持久力 (chíjiǔlì)
持久性 (chíjiǔxìng)
持久戰 / 持久战 (chíjiǔzhàn)
曠日持久 / 旷日持久 (kuàngrìchíjiǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (持久):

→ Japanese: 持(じ)久(きゅう) (jikyū)
→ Korean: 지구(持久) (jigu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
持	久
じ Grade: 3	きゅう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じきゅう [jìkyúú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑikʲɨː]

Noun

持(じ)久(きゅう) • (jikyū)

stamina; endurance

Verb

持(じ)久(きゅう)する • (jikyū suru) suru (stem 持(じ)久(きゅう)し (jikyū shi), past 持(じ)久(きゅう)した (jikyū shita))

to endure

Conjugation

Conjugation of "持久する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	持久し	じきゅうし	jikyū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	持久し	じきゅうし	jikyū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	持久する	じきゅうする	jikyū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	持久する	じきゅうする	jikyū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	持久すれ	じきゅうすれ	jikyū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	持久せよ¹ 持久しろ²	じきゅうせよ¹ じきゅうしろ²	jikyū seyo¹ jikyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	持久される	じきゅうされる	jikyū sareru
Causative	持久させる持久さす	じきゅうさせるじきゅうさす	jikyū saseru jikyū sasu
Potential	持久できる	じきゅうできる	jikyū dekiru
Volitional	持久しよう	じきゅうしよう	jikyū shiyō
Negative	持久しない	じきゅうしない	jikyū shinai
Negative continuative	持久せず	じきゅうせず	jikyū sezu
Formal	持久します	じきゅうします	jikyū shimasu
Perfective	持久した	じきゅうした	jikyū shita
Conjunctive	持久して	じきゅうして	jikyū shite
Hypothetical conditional	持久すれば	じきゅうすれば	jikyū sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Derived terms

持(じ)久(きゅう)戦(せん) (jikyūsen, “war of attrition”)