拯

拯	U+62EF, 拯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62EF

← 拮
[U+62EE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

拰 →
[U+62F0]

Translingual

Han character

拯 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手弓水一 (QNEM), four-corner 5701₃, composition ⿰扌丞)

Derived characters

𩄔, 𰞼

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 427, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11991
Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1876, character 8
Unihan data for U+62EF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		拯
alternative forms		丞抍𢮋

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蒸	*kljɯŋ
烝	kljɯŋ, kljɯŋs
篜	*klɯŋ
脀	*kljɯŋ
拯	*kljɯŋʔ
氶	*kljɯŋʔ
承	*ɡljɯŋ
丞	ɡljɯŋ, ɡljɯŋs
巹	*klɯnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kljɯŋʔ): semantic 手 + phonetic 丞 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tVŋ (“upper part; to rise; to raise”). Related to 承 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, “to receive”), 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, “to offer (gifts, sacrifices, etc.)”), 登 (OC *tɯːŋ, “to mount; to rise”), 升 (OC *hljɯŋ, “to rise”) (Schuessler, 2007; Sagart and Baxter, 2012).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhěng (zheng³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cing²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): cen²
Gan (Wiktionary): ziin³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́n
Northern Min (KCR): cěng
Eastern Min (BUC): cīng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chín / chéng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zing²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhěng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhěng
  - Wade–Giles: chêng³
  - Yale: jěng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeeng
  - Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cing²
  - Yale: chíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsing²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qing²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: cen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰen⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ziin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɨn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́n
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziin^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zin³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn³¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín
  - Tâi-lô: tsín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cien
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sin⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
  - Tâi-lô: tsíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

Note:

chín - vernacular;
chéng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zing²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsíng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsen
  - MiniDict: tsen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhen³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂən⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sən⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: tsyingX

Rime
Character	拯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie
Baxter	tsyingX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕɨŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕieŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciŋ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəŋ^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhěng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*təŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kljɯŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	拯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhěng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsying^X ›
Old Chinese	/*təŋʔ/
English	lift up
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拯
Reading #	1/1
No.	1410
Phonetic component	丞
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拯
Old Chinese	/*kljɯŋʔ/
Notes	原音蒸上聲無切語，此切爲五音集韻補

Definitions

拯

to rescue; to save; to aid
- 勿導入試、拯我出惡 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  勿导入试、拯我出恶 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: 文理和合譯本, 馬太福音 [Matthew] 6:13
  wù dǎo rù shì, zhěng wǒ chū è [Pinyin]
  And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil
(literary) to lift; to raise

Compounds

匡拯 (kuāngzhěng)
哀拯
存拯 (cúnzhěng)
憐拯 / 怜拯
扶危拯溺
拔拯
拯危扶溺
拯卹
拯恤
拯拔
拯援
拯撫 / 拯抚
拯擢
拯救 (zhěngjiù)
拯治
拯溺
拯溺扶危
拯溺救焚
拯溺濟危 / 拯溺济危
拯濟 / 拯济
拯物
拯護 / 拯护
拯贍 / 拯赡
拯贖 / 拯赎
援拯
攜拯 / 携拯
救拯 (jiùzhěng)
救火拯溺
救焚拯溺
救饑拯溺 / 救饥拯溺
濟拯 / 济拯
濟時拯世 / 济时拯世

Japanese

Kanji

拯

(Hyōgai kanji)

help

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kan’yō-on: じょう (jō)
Kun: すくう (sukuu, 拯う)

Korean

Hanja

拯 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

help, save, aid
lift, raise

Vietnamese

Han character

拯: Hán Việt readings: chửng^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]
拯: Nôm readings: xửng^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5]^[6], chặng^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6], chửng^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6], chẳng^[1]^[2]^[3]^[7], chững^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6], giẩng^[2]^[4]^[5]^[6], chăng^[1]^[7], cực^[1], chặn^[2], chẩng^[2], chẵng^[5], chuộng^[7]

chữ Nôm form of chăng (“not any; not even”)
chữ Nôm form of chẳng (“not at all; even if not”)
chữ Nôm form of chuộng (“to prefer, to like”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 ^2.8 Trần (2004).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Hồ (1976).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 ^2.8 Trần (2004).

[btcn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Hồ (1976).

[bonet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcndg-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Nguyễn (2014).

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