chăng

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

The chief negator in earlier stages of Vietnamese up to the fourteenth century.[1]

Adverb

chăng • (庄, 𠦓, 丕)

  1. (archaic) not any, not even
    • 15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “言志 Ngôn chí 1”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):
      盃固蔑念庒女豸
      道濫昆免道濫碎
      Bui có một niềm chăng nỡ trại,
      Đạo làm con miễn đạo làm tôi.
      I only have this one sentiment: I dare not even neglect
      My duty as a child and my duty as a subject.
  2. (often in rhetorical questions) is it that; is it; surely
    • 2018 January 18, “Có hoàn cảnh văn chương nào khốc liệt như ở Việt Nam chăng?”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online‎[1]:
      Có hoàn cảnh văn chương nào khốc liệt như ở Việt Nam chăng?
      Is there a literary situation as fierce as that in Vietnam?
Derived terms
References
  1. ^
    2024, Trang Phan, Tuan-Cuong Nguyen, Masaaki Shimizu, “The Rise of Negative Markers in Vietnamese: Evidence from Primary Nôm Texts”, in Studies in Vietnamese Historical Linguistics, →DOI:
    Stage 1 (up to thirteenth century): Chăng is used as the standard negative marker. Chăng often co-occurs with the existential verb có. Không is a lexical element meaning ‘space’ or ‘empty’. Stage 2 (up to fourteenth century): Chăng continues to be used as the standard negative marker. Chăng continues to collocate with the existential verb có. Không emerges as a functional element preceding nouns with negative meaning ‘not.have’.

Particle

chăng

  1. (rare) synonym of chăng nữa

Etymology 2

This is the form that did not undergo lenition.

Verb

chăng • (張)

  1. alternative form of giăng (“to stretch; to spread”)
    Nhện chăng tơ.
    A spider is spinning its web.
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