成人

Chinese

		finish; complete; accomplish finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth	man; person; people
simp. and trad. (成人)		成	人

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chéngrén

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sing⁴ jan⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): sen⁴ ngin³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-ngìn

(Meixian, Guangdong): sen² ngin²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-jîn / sêng-lîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chéngrén
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéngrén
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²-jên²
  - Yale: chéng-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngren
  - Palladius: чэнжэнь (čɛnžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    成人
    成仁
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sing⁴ jan⁴
  - Yale: sìhng yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    成人
    成仁
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: sen⁴ ngin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sen²¹ ᵑɡin²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-ngìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˇ ngin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin² ngin²
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ ŋin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sen² ngin²
  - Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹ ŋin¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: sîng-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengjiin
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: sîng-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengliin
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

Noun

成人

adult; grown-up
成人教育 ― chéngrén jiàoyù ― adult education
(literary) talented and virtuous person
- 今之成人者、何必然？見利思義、見危授命、久要不忘平生之言、亦可以爲成人矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  今之成人者、何必然？见利思义、见危授命、久要不忘平生之言、亦可以为成人矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Jīn zhī chéngrén zhě, hé bìrán? Jiànlì sīyì, jiànwēi shòumìng, jiǔ yào bùwàng píngshēng zhī yán, yì kěyǐ wéi chéngrén yǐ. [Pinyin]
  For someone to be deemed a complete man nowadays, what need does he have for all this? If – seeing profit – his thoughts turn to what is right, and – seeing danger – he is ready to give up his life, and if he can long endure hardship without forgetting the teachings that have guided his ordinary life, he may indeed be deemed a complete man.

Synonyms

(adult):

edit

大人 (dàrén)
成年人 (chéngniánrén)
成年者 (chéngniánzhě)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “adult”):

edit

囡仔人 (Hokkien)
少年 (shàonián)
少年人
少年家
少年的
後生 / 后生 (hòushēng)
後生人 / 后生人
後生家 / 后生家
未成年人 (wèichéngniánrén)
未成年者 (wèichéngniánzhě)

Derived terms

成人內容 / 成人内容 (chéngrén nèiróng)
成人化 (chéngrénhuà)
成人年齡 / 成人年龄 (chéngrén niánlíng)
成人教育 (chéngrén jiàoyù)
成人用品 (chéngrén yòngpǐn)
成人高考 (chéngrén gāokǎo)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chéngrén

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴ jan⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sàng-ngìn
Eastern Min (BUC): sìng-ìng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiâⁿ-lâng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chéngrén
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéngrén
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²-jên²
  - Yale: chéng-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngren
  - Palladius: чэнжэнь (čɛnžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    成人
    成仁
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sing⁴ jan⁴
  - Yale: sìhng yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    成人
    成仁
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sàng-ngìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: sang^ˇ ngin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sang² ngin²
  - Sinological IPA: /saŋ¹¹ ŋin¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng-ìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(Ø-)ŋiŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâⁿ-lâng
  - Tâi-lô: tsiânn-lâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cvialaang
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siã²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã¹³⁻²² laŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã²⁴⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²³⁻³³ laŋ²³/

Verb

成人

to grow up; to become full-grown; to come of age
to make something of oneself; to become worthy of respect
(literary) to bring someone up
(of a prostitute) to lose virginity

Synonyms

(to grow up):

edit

大漢 / 大汉 (Hokkien, to come of age)
成長 / 成长 (chéngzhǎng)
滋長 / 滋长 (zīzhǎng)
生長 / 生长 (shēngzhǎng)
長大 / 长大 (zhǎngdà) (to come of age)
長成 / 长成 (zhǎngchéng) (literary)

Adjective

成人

(Hakka, Southern Min, of a person) presentable; decent

Pronunciation 3

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiâⁿ--lâng

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâⁿ--lâng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiânn--lâng

Verb

成人

(Xiamen Hokkien) to betroth (a girl)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
成	人
せい Grade: 4	じん Grade: 1
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せーじん [sèéjíń] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [se̞ːʑĩɴ]

- Homophones: 世塵, 西人, 征人, 聖人

Noun

成(せい)人(じん) • (seijin)

an adult; a grown-up
成人(せいじん)の平均身長(へいきんしんちょう)
seijin no heikin shinchō
average height of adults

成人(せいじん)向(む)けゲーム
seijin-muke gēmu
video game for adults; pornographic video game

成人(せいじん)済(ず)み
seijin-zumi
(social media) minors DNI
(literally, “already an adult”)

Usage notes

In Japan, the legal age for adulthood was changed from 20 to 18 on April 1, 2022. ([1])

Verb

成(せい)人(じん)する • (seijin suru) suru (stem 成(せい)人(じん)し (seijin shi), past 成(せい)人(じん)した (seijin shita))

to reach adulthood; to come of age

Conjugation

Conjugation of "成人する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	成人し	せいじんし	seijin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	成人し	せいじんし	seijin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	成人する	せいじんする	seijin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	成人する	せいじんする	seijin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	成人すれ	せいじんすれ	seijin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	成人せよ¹ 成人しろ²	せいじんせよ¹ せいじんしろ²	seijin seyo¹ seijin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	成人される	せいじんされる	seijin sareru
Causative	成人させる成人さす	せいじんさせるせいじんさす	seijin saseru seijin sasu
Potential	成人できる	せいじんできる	seijin dekiru
Volitional	成人しよう	せいじんしよう	seijin shiyō
Negative	成人しない	せいじんしない	seijin shinai
Negative continuative	成人せず	せいじんせず	seijin sezu
Formal	成人します	せいじんします	seijin shimasu
Perfective	成人した	せいじんした	seijin shita
Conjunctive	成人して	せいじんして	seijin shite
Hypothetical conditional	成人すれば	せいじんすれば	seijin sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“成人”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
成	人

Noun

成人 • (seong'in) (hangeul 성인)

hanja form^? of 성인 (“adult, grown-up”)