憚
See also: 惮
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Japanese | 惮 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 惮 |
| Traditional | 憚 |
Han character
憚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 心口口十 (PRRJ), four-corner 96056, composition ⿰忄單)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 403, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11222
- Dae Jaweon: page 743, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2354, character 8
- Unihan data for U+619A
Chinese
| trad. | 憚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 惮 | |
| alternative forms | 𢠸 譂／𫟠 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 憚 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 嚲 | *taːlʔ |
| 癉 | *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn |
| 奲 | *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ |
| 驒 | *daːl, *daːn, *teːn |
| 鼉 | *daːl |
| 磾 | *teːl |
| 鷤 | *deːl, *deːls, *daːn |
| 觶 | *tjal, *tjals |
| 單 | *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans |
| 鄲 | *taːn |
| 殫 | *taːn |
| 簞 | *taːn |
| 匰 | *taːn |
| 襌 | *taːn |
| 彈 | *daːn, *daːns |
| 貚 | *daːn, *deːn |
| 撣 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ |
| 潬 | *daːnʔ |
| 僤 | *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan |
| 憚 | *daːns |
| 樿 | *tjanʔ |
| 燀 | *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ |
| 戰 | *tjans |
| 闡 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 繟 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 幝 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 嘽 | *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ |
| 灛 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 蟬 | *djan |
| 禪 | *djan, *djans |
| 嬋 | *djan |
| 墠 | *djanʔ |
| 鱓 | *djanʔ |
| 蕇 | *teːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daːns): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to shiver, to tremble”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Burmese တုန် (tun, “to tremble, shake”), as well as the following Sinitic terms:
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
- Wade–Giles: tan4
- Yale: dàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
- Palladius: дань (danʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: daan6
- Yale: daahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: daan6
- Guangdong Romanization: dan6
- Sinological IPA (key): /taːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tuānn
- Phofsit Daibuun: dvoa
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tuã²²/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tuã³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tuǎnn
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tān
- Tâi-lô: tān
- Phofsit Daibuun: dan
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tan²²/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tan³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎn
- Tâi-lô: tǎn
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tan²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- tōaⁿ/tǒaⁿ - vernacular;
- tān/tǎn - literary.
- Middle Chinese: danH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*daːns/
Definitions
憚
- (literary) to fear
- 我心憚暑、憂心如熏。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wǒxīn dàn shǔ, yōuxīn rú xūn. [Pinyin]
- My heart is terrified with the heat; - my sorrowing heart is as if on fire.
我心惮暑、忧心如熏。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
Japanese
| 惮 | |
| 憚 |
Kanji
憚
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 惮)
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
憚 • (tan) (hangeul 탄)
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Vietnamese
Han character
憚: Hán Nôm readings: dạn, đạn, đặn
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