慄
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Translingual
Han character
慄 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心一田木 (PMWD), four-corner 91094, composition ⿰忄栗)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 397, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11042
- Dae Jaweon: page 736, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2336, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6144
Chinese
| trad. | 慄 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 栗* | |
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *riɡ): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 栗 (OC *riɡ). It expresses the meaning of fearing.[1]
References
- ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017
Etymology
STEDT compared this to Tibetan བྲེད་པ་ (bred pa, “to be alarmed, scared”). If the relation is to be established, then this term is derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ray-t (“fear”).
Hong Kong Cantonese “to be scared” is borrowed from Taishanese 慄 / 栗 (nut5).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Northern Min (KCR): là̤
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lì
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lì
- Wade–Giles: li4
- Yale: lì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: leot6
- Yale: leuht
- Cantonese Pinyin: loet9
- Guangdong Romanization: lêd6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɵt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: luut5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɵt̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: là̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɛ⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lek
- Tâi-lô: lik
- Phofsit Daibuun: leg
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liak
- Tâi-lô: liak
- Phofsit Daibuun: liag
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lit
- Tâi-lô: lit
- Phofsit Daibuun: lid
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- lek/liak - vernacular (“to be scared; to become weak and limp”);
- lit - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: liag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liak
- Sinological IPA (key): /liak̚²/
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: lit
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*riɡ/
Definitions
慄
- to shiver; to shudder; to tremble
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be scared (of one's facial expression)
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to become weak and limp (of one's arms and legs due to fear, lack of strength, etc.)
Compounds
Pronunciation 2
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lyut6
- Yale: lyuht
- Cantonese Pinyin: lyt9
- Guangdong Romanization: lüd6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lyːt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nut5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdut̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
慄
- (originally Taishanese, now also Hong Kong Cantonese) to be scared
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: りち (richi)
- Kan-on: りつ (ritsu, Jōyō)
- Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 慄れる)、おののく (ononoku, 慄く)、ふるえる (furueru, 慄える)
Usage notes
This character is not used much in modern Japanese.
Korean
Hanja
慄 • (ryul>yul) (hangeul 률>율, revised ryul>yul, McCune–Reischauer ryul>yul, Yale lyul>yul)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
慄: Hán Việt readings: lật[1][2][3][4][5]
慄: Nôm readings: rất[1][2][3][4][5][6], lật[1][2][3][4][5], trật[1]
- chữ Nôm form of lật (“to turn upside down, to overturn”)
- chữ Nôm form of rất (“very”)
- chữ Nôm form of trật (“(of a target) missed; incorrect; inaccurate”)