感染

Chinese

		to feel; to move; to touch to feel; to move; to touch; to affect	to catch (a disease); dye
trad. (感染)		感	染
simp. ^#(感染)		感	染

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǎnrǎn

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ ㄖㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam² jim⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kám-liám / kám-jiám

(Teochew, Peng'im): gam² riam²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǎnrǎn [Phonetic: gánrǎn]
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ ㄖㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎnrǎn
  - Wade–Giles: kan³-jan³
  - Yale: gǎn-rǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaanraan
  - Palladius: ганьжань (ganʹžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam² jim⁵
  - Yale: gám yíhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam² jim⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem² yim⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm³⁵ jiːm¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-liám
  - Tâi-lô: kám-liám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafmliarm
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liam⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-jiám
  - Tâi-lô: kám-jiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafmjiarm
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ziam⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡ziam⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gam² riam²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kám jiám
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kam⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziam⁵²⁻²¹/

Verb

感染

(medicine) to infect or be infected by; to have an infection; to contract (a contagion)
感染病毒 ― gǎnrǎn bìngdú ― to be infected by a virus

胸部感染 ― xiōngbù gǎnrǎn ― chest infection

細菌感染／细菌感染 ― xìjūn gǎnrǎn ― bacterial infection

病毒感染 ― bìngdú gǎnrǎn ― viral infection

消除感染 ― xiāochú gǎnrǎn ― elimination of infection

上呼吸道感染 ― shànghūxīdào gǎnrǎn ― upper respiratory tract infection

傷口容易感染。／伤口容易感染。 ― Shāngkǒu róngyì gǎnrǎn. ― The wound can easily become infected.
(computing, of a virus) to infect (computers)
(figurative) to influence; to affect; to imbue (with)
受到感染 ― shòudào gǎnrǎn ― to be influenced

Synonyms

(to infect): 傳染／传染 (chuánrǎn), 沾染 (zhānrǎn); (Hokkien) 透著／透着, 過著／过着

Derived terms

二次感染
交叉感染 (jiāochā gǎnrǎn)
尿道感染
性傳播感染 / 性传播感染 (xìng chuánbō gǎnrǎn)
感染力 (gǎnrǎnlì)
感染症
感染科 (gǎnrǎnkē)
感染者 (gǎnrǎnzhě)
泌尿道感染 (mìniàodào gǎnrǎn)
潛伏感染 / 潜伏感染
醫院感染 / 医院感染 (yīyuàn gǎnrǎn)
院內感染 / 院内感染 (yuànnèi gǎnrǎn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
感	染
かん Grade: 3	せん Grade: 6
kan'on	kan'yōon

Etymology

Coined by Japanese medical scientist Okuyama Torafumi in 1872 in his work 医語類聚 (Igo ruiju) as a translation of English affection.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かんせん [kàńséń] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[1]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɰ̃sẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

感(かん)染(せん) • (kansen) ^{←かんせん (kansen)^?}

infection, contagion

Derived terms

感(かん)染(せん)経(けい)路(ろ) (kansen keiro)
感(かん)染(せん)源(げん) (kansengen)
感(かん)染(せん)症(しょう) (kansenshō)
感(かん)染(せん)爆(ばく)発(はつ) (kansen bakuhatsu)
経(けい)口(こう)感(かん)染(せん) (keikō kansen)

Verb

感(かん)染(せん)する • (kansen suru) ^{←かんせん (kansen)^?}intransitive suru (stem 感(かん)染(せん)し (kansen shi), past 感(かん)染(せん)した (kansen shita))

to become infected, to catch
ウイルスに感(かん)染(せん)する
uirusu ni kansen suru
become infected with a virus

Conjugation

Conjugation of "感染する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	感染し	かんせんし	kansen shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	感染し	かんせんし	kansen shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	感染する	かんせんする	kansen suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	感染する	かんせんする	kansen suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	感染すれ	かんせんすれ	kansen sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	感染せよ¹ 感染しろ²	かんせんせよ¹ かんせんしろ²	kansen seyo¹ kansen shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	感染される	かんせんされる	kansen sareru
Causative	感染させる感染さす	かんせんさせるかんせんさす	kansen saseru kansen sasu
Potential	感染できる	かんせんできる	kansen dekiru
Volitional	感染しよう	かんせんしよう	kansen shiyō
Negative	感染しない	かんせんしない	kansen shinai
Negative continuative	感染せず	かんせんせず	kansen sezu
Formal	感染します	かんせんします	kansen shimasu
Perfective	感染した	かんせんした	kansen shita
Conjunctive	感染して	かんせんして	kansen shite
Hypothetical conditional	感染すれば	かんせんすれば	kansen sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “感染”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“感染”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
感	染

Noun

感染 • (gamyeom) (hangeul 감염)

hanja form^? of 감염 (“infection, contagion, infestation”)