Chinese
Etymology
- “parents”
From the Classic of Poetry, poem 202 (《詩經·小雅·蓼莪》), a mournful elegy to parents. Extracting 怙 (hù) + 恃 (shì), also deriving "father" to 怙 (hù) and "mother" to 恃 (shì).
Pronunciation
Verb
怙恃
- (literary) to rely on; to depend on; to count on
Synonyms
- 仗恃 (zhàngshì) (literary, chiefly derogatory)
- 仰仗 (yǎngzhàng)
- 仰賴 / 仰赖 (yǎnglài)
- 依 (yī)
- 依仗 (yīzhàng)
- 依倚 (Hokkien)
- 依恃 (yīshì) (literary)
- 依歸 / 依归 (yīguī) (literary)
- 依託 / 依托 (yītuō)
- 依賴 / 依赖 (yīlài)
- 依附 (yīfù)
- 依靠 (yīkào)
- 倚仗 (yǐzhàng)
- 倚倚 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 借助 (jièzhù)
- 倚賴 / 倚赖 (yǐlài)
- 倚靠 (yǐkào)
- 寄 (jì)
- 展品棒 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 憑 / 凭 (píng)
- 憑仗 / 凭仗 (píngzhàng)
- 憑依 / 凭依 (píngyī)
- 憑借 / 凭借 (píngjiè)
- 憑恃 / 凭恃 (píngshì)
- 憑靠 / 凭靠 (píngkào)
- 指 (zhǐ)
- 據 / 据
- 歸依 / 归依 (guīyī) (literary)
- 聊 (liáo) (formal)
- 賴 / 赖 (lài) (literary, or in compounds only)
Noun
怙恃
- (Classical) parents
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
父母 (“father and mother; parents”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
父母, 爺娘, 怙恃, 雙親
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
父母, 雙親, 父母親
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
爹媽, 老家兒
|
| Taiwan
|
爸媽
|
| Singapore
|
爸媽, 家長
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
老的兒, 爹媽
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
老兒的
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Xi'an
|
媽爸
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
娘老子
|
| Lanzhou
|
娘老子, 老漢們
|
| Ürümqi
|
娘老子
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
娘老子, 媽老漢兒
|
| Chongqing
|
媽老漢兒
|
| Wuhan
|
娘老子, 兩老
|
| Liuzhou
|
娘老子
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
娘老子
|
| Yangzhou
|
娘老子
|
| Nantong
|
爺娘
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
老豆老母
|
| Hong Kong
|
老豆老母, 爹哋媽咪, 阿爸阿媽
|
| Yangjiang
|
老子阿奶
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
爺娘
|
| Pingxiang
|
娘爺
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
爺哀
|
| Xingning
|
爺哀
|
| Huidong (Daling)
|
阿爸阿姆
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
阿姆阿爸
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
爺哀
|
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
|
阿爸阿姆
|
| Liannan
|
爺哀
|
| Jiexi
|
爺哀
|
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
|
爺哀
|
| Changting
|
爹哀, 爺哀
|
| Wuping
|
爺哀
|
| Wuping (Yanqian)
|
爺哀
|
| Wuping (Pingyu)
|
爺哀
|
| Ninghua
|
爹母
|
| Ningdu
|
爹姐
|
| Ruijin
|
哀爹, 爺娘, 爺哀
|
| Shicheng
|
爹哀
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
爺姐
|
| Tonggu (Sandu)
|
娘爺
|
| Ganzhou (Panlong)
|
爺姐
|
| Dayu
|
爺佬姐佬
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
爺哀, 爺母, 兩老
|
| Hong Kong
|
阿爸阿姆
|
| Yangxi (Tangkou)
|
老子阿奶
|
| Yangchun (Sanjia)
|
父母
|
| Xinyi (Sihe)
|
爺哀
|
| Xinyi (Qianpai)
|
爺哀
|
| Gaozhou (Xindong)
|
爸媽
|
| Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)
|
父母親
|
| Huazhou (Xin'an)
|
爺哀
|
| Lianjiang (Shijiao)
|
爺哀, 爸哀
|
| Lianjiang (Qingping)
|
爸哀
|
| Luchuan
|
爸媽
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
娘老子, 老子娘, 老子爺娘
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
爹娘
|
| Xinzhou
|
老子娘
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
爹奶
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
爸奶
|
| Matsu
|
爸奶
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
爸母, 老爸母
|
| Quanzhou
|
爸母, 老爸母
|
| Jinjiang
|
爸母
|
| Zhangzhou
|
爸母, 老爸母
|
| Zhao'an
|
爸母
|
| Taipei
|
爸母
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
爸母
|
| Kaohsiung
|
爸母
|
| Yilan
|
爸母
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
爸母
|
| Taichung
|
爸母
|
| Tainan
|
爸母
|
| Hsinchu
|
爸母
|
| Kinmen
|
爸母
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
爸母
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
爸母
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
爸母
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
爸母
|
| Chaozhou
|
父嬡, 爸母
|
| Jieyang
|
父嬡
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
爸母
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
爺娘
|
| Suzhou
|
爺娘
|
| Danyang
|
娘啊老子, 爺娘 rare
|
| Hangzhou
|
娘老子
|
| Ningbo
|
爹娘
|
| Wenzhou
|
奶阿伯, 阿伯奶
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
爺娘
|
| Shuangfeng
|
爺娘
|