後進
Chinese
back; behind; rear back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later |
advance; enter; to come in | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (後進) | 後 | 進 | |
| simp. (后进) | 后 | 进 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hau6 zeon3
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘-chìn / hiō-chìn / āu-chìn
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: hòujìn
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hòujìn
- Wade–Giles: hou4-chin4
- Yale: hòu-jìn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: howjinn
- Palladius: хоуцзинь (xouczinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hau6 zeon3
- Yale: hauh jeun
- Cantonese Pinyin: hau6 dzoen3
- Guangdong Romanization: heo6 zên3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐu̯²² t͡sɵn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘-chìn
- Tâi-lô: hōo-tsìn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoxcixn
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡sin²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sin²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiō-chìn
- Tâi-lô: hiō-tsìn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hioixcixn
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hio³³⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɤ³³⁻²¹ t͡sin²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: āu-chìn
- Tâi-lô: āu-tsìn
- Phofsit Daibuun: auxcixn
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /au³³⁻²¹ t͡sin²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /au³³⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Noun
後進
- (literary) younger generation; posterity; descendants
- (literary) juniors; inferiors
- person or institution slow in progress
Synonyms
Adjective
後進
- backward; slow in progress; lagging behind
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 後 | 進 |
| こう Grade: 2 |
しん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
- backwards movement
- Antonym: 前進
- new generation of workers or researchers
- Antonym: 先進
Verb
後進する • (kōshin suru) intransitive suru (stem 後進し (kōshin shi), past 後進した (kōshin shita))
- move backwards
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 後進し | こうしんし | kōshin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 後進し | こうしんし | kōshin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 後進する | こうしんする | kōshin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 後進する | こうしんする | kōshin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 後進すれ | こうしんすれ | kōshin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 後進せよ¹ 後進しろ² |
こうしんせよ¹ こうしんしろ² |
kōshin seyo¹ kōshin shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 後進される | こうしんされる | kōshin sareru |
| Causative | 後進させる 後進さす |
こうしんさせる こうしんさす |
kōshin saseru kōshin sasu |
| Potential | 後進できる | こうしんできる | kōshin dekiru |
| Volitional | 後進しよう | こうしんしよう | kōshin shiyō |
| Negative | 後進しない | こうしんしない | kōshin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 後進せず | こうしんせず | kōshin sezu |
| Formal | 後進します | こうしんします | kōshin shimasu |
| Perfective | 後進した | こうしんした | kōshin shita |
| Conjunctive | 後進して | こうしんして | kōshin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 後進すれば | こうしんすれば | kōshin sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “後進”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026