弱化

Chinese

		weak; feeble; young weak; feeble; young; inferior	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (弱化)		弱	化
simp. ^#(弱化)		弱	化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ruòhuà

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joek⁶ faa³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ruòhuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ruòhuà
  - Wade–Giles: jo⁴-hua⁴
  - Yale: rwò-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruohhuah
  - Palladius: жохуа (žoxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: joek⁶ faa³
  - Yale: yeuhk fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶ fa³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚² faː³³/

Verb

弱化

to weaken

Japanese

Kanji in this term
弱	化
じゃく > じゃっ Grade: 2	か Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じゃっか [jàkká] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑa̠k̚ka̠]

Noun

弱(じゃっ)化(か) • (jakka) ^{←じやくくわ (zyakukwa)^?}

weakening

Antonyms

強(きょう)化(か) (kyōka, “strengthening”)

Verb

弱(じゃっ)化(か)する • (jakka suru) ^{←じやくくわ (zyakukwa)^?}suru (stem 弱(じゃっ)化(か)し (jakka shi), past 弱(じゃっ)化(か)した (jakka shita))

to weaken

Conjugation

Conjugation of "弱化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	弱化し	じゃっかし	jakka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	弱化し	じゃっかし	jakka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	弱化する	じゃっかする	jakka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	弱化する	じゃっかする	jakka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	弱化すれ	じゃっかすれ	jakka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	弱化せよ¹ 弱化しろ²	じゃっかせよ¹ じゃっかしろ²	jakka seyo¹ jakka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	弱化される	じゃっかされる	jakka sareru
Causative	弱化させる弱化さす	じゃっかさせるじゃっかさす	jakka saseru jakka sasu
Potential	弱化できる	じゃっかできる	jakka dekiru
Volitional	弱化しよう	じゃっかしよう	jakka shiyō
Negative	弱化しない	じゃっかしない	jakka shinai
Negative continuative	弱化せず	じゃっかせず	jakka sezu
Formal	弱化します	じゃっかします	jakka shimasu
Perfective	弱化した	じゃっかした	jakka shita
Conjunctive	弱化して	じゃっかして	jakka shite
Hypothetical conditional	弱化すれば	じゃっかすれば	jakka sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ “弱化”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
弱	化

Noun

弱化 • (yakhwa) (hangeul 약화)

hanja form^? of 약화