巍巍

Chinese

		high; lofty; towering high; lofty; towering; majestic	high; lofty; towering high; lofty; towering; majestic
trad. (巍巍)		巍	巍
simp. ^#(巍巍)		巍	巍

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wēiwēi, wéiwéi

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟㄨㄟ, ㄨㄟˊ ㄨㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁴ ngai⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wēiwēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: weiwei
  - Wade–Giles: wei¹-wei¹
  - Yale: wēi-wēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ueiuei
  - Palladius: вэйвэй (vɛjvɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    巍巍
    微微
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wéiwéi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wéiwéi
  - Wade–Giles: wei²-wei²
  - Yale: wéi-wéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weiwei
  - Palladius: вэйвэй (vɛjvɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    唯唯
    巍巍
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngai⁴ ngai⁴
  - Yale: ngàih ngàih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁴ ngai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁴ ngei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²¹ ŋɐi̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: ngjw+j ngjw+j

Rime
Character	巍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	語韋切
Baxter	ngjw+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʉi/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷɨi/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuəi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuj/
Li Rong	/ŋiuəi/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwəi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋwe̯i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʰuj N-qʰuj/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋul ŋul/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	巍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wēi
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjwɨj ›
Old Chinese	/*N-qʰuj/
English	high, majestic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	巍
Reading #	1/1
No.	4691
Phonetic component	鬼
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	巍
Old Chinese	/*ŋul/
Notes	嵬轉註字

Adjective

巍巍

towering; lofty

Derived terms

另巍巍
巍巍蕩蕩 / 巍巍荡荡
巍巍赫赫
顫巍巍 / 颤巍巍
顫顫巍巍 / 颤颤巍巍

Japanese

Kanji in this term
巍	巍
ぎ Hyōgai	ぎ Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
魏魏

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぎぎ [gíꜜgì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ɡʲiɡʲi]

Adjective

巍(ぎ)巍(ぎ) • (gigi) ^†-tari (adnominal 巍(ぎ)巍(ぎ)とした (gigi to shita) or 巍(ぎ)巍(ぎ)たる (gigi taru), adverbial 巍(ぎ)巍(ぎ)と (gigi to) or 巍(ぎ)巍(ぎ)として (gigi to shite))

towering; lofty

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "巍巍たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	巍巍たら	ぎぎたら	gigitara
Continuative (連用形)	巍巍と^[1] 巍巍たり^[2]	ぎぎとぎぎたり	gigito gigitari
Terminal (終止形)	巍巍たり	ぎぎたり	gigitari
Attributive (連体形)	巍巍たる	ぎぎたる	gigitaru
Realis (已然形)	巍巍たれ	ぎぎたれ	gigitare
Imperative (命令形)	巍巍たれ	ぎぎたれ	gigitare
Key constructions
Negative	巍巍たらず	ぎぎたらず	gigitarazu
Contrasting conjunction	巍巍たれど	ぎぎたれど	gigitaredo
Causal conjunction	巍巍たれば	ぎぎたれば	gigitareba
Conditional conjunction	巍巍たらば	ぎぎたらば	gigitaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	巍巍たりき	ぎぎたりき	gigitariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	巍巍たりけり	ぎぎたりけり	gigitarikeri
Adverbial	巍巍と	ぎぎと	gigito

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “巍巍”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
巍	巍

Noun

巍巍 • (oe'oe) (hangeul 외외)

hanja form^? of 외외

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NKD2-3] “巍巍”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[1]

[2]

[3]