孜孜矻矻
Chinese
| assiduous; industrious | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (孜孜矻矻) |
孜孜 | 矻矻 | |
Etymology
Coined by Han Yu
- 自古聖人賢士 […] 得其道不敢獨善其身，而必以兼濟天下也，孜孜矻矻，死而後已。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 793, 韓愈 (Han Yu),《爭臣論》
- Zìgǔ shèngrén xiánshì […] dé qí dào bùgǎn dú shàn qí shēn, ér bì yǐ jiān jì tiānxià yě, zīzīkūkū, sǐ'érhòuyǐ. [Pinyin]
- No sage or man of merit in ancient times would dare to keep the Way to themselves, but rather endeavored to share it with all people in the world. Diligently and conscientiously they pursued the goal, till the very end of their lives.
自古圣人贤士 […] 得其道不敢独善其身，而必以兼济天下也，孜孜矻矻，死而后已。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zīzīkūkū
- Zhuyin: ㄗ ㄗ ㄎㄨ ㄎㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zihzihkuku
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ1-tzŭ1-kʻu1-kʻu1
- Yale: dz̄-dz̄-kū-kū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzytzykuku
- Palladius: цзыцзыкуку (czyczykuku)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu⁵⁵ kʰu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zīzīkùkù
- Zhuyin: ㄗ ㄗ ㄎㄨˋ ㄎㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zihzihkùkù
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ1-tzŭ1-kʻu4-kʻu4
- Yale: dz̄-dz̄-kù-kù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzytzykuhkuh
- Palladius: цзыцзыкуку (czyczykuku)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi1 zi1 ngat6 ngat6
- Yale: jī jī ngaht ngaht
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi1 dzi1 ngat9 ngat9
- Guangdong Romanization: ji1 ji1 nged6 nged6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ ŋɐt̚² ŋɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Middle Chinese: tsi tsi khwot khwot
Adverb
孜孜矻矻
- (literary) diligently; conscientiously