失言
Chinese
| to lose; to miss; to fail | to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (失言) |
失 | 言 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shīyán
- Zhuyin: ㄕ ㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shihyán
- Wade–Giles: shih1-yen2
- Yale: shr̄-yán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyyan
- Palladius: шиянь (šijanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sat1 jin4
- Yale: sāt yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sat7 jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: sed1 yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐt̚⁵ jiːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-giân
- Tâi-lô: sit-giân
- Phofsit Daibuun: sitgieen
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²³/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-gân
- Tâi-lô: sit-gân
- Phofsit Daibuun: sitgaan
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ ɡan¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
Verb
失言
- to utter what should not be said; to make an improper remark; to put one's foot in one's mouth; to make a slip of the tongue
- 有司言有子殺母者，籍曰：「嘻！殺父乃可，至殺母乎！」坐者怪其失言。帝曰：「殺父，天下之極惡，而以爲可乎？」籍曰：「禽獸知母而不知父，殺父，禽獸之類也。殺母禽獸之不若。」衆乃悅服。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: 648 CE, Fang Xuanling (lead editor), Book of Jin
- Yǒusī yán yǒu zǐ shā mǔ zhě, Jí yuē: “Xī! Shā fù nǎi kě, zhì shā mǔ hū!” Zuò zhě guài qí shīyán. Dì yuē: “Shā fù, tiānxià zhī jí è, ér yǐwéi kě hū?” Jí yuē: “Qínshòu zhī mǔ ér bùzhī fù, shā fù, qínshòu zhī lèi yě. Shā mǔ qínshòu zhī bùruò.” Zhòng nǎi yuèfú. [Pinyin]
- Once an official reported about a man who had killed his mother. Ruan Ji exclaimed, “Ah! Killing one’s father might be tolerable, but killing one’s mother is unthinkable!” Everyone present was shocked by his words. The emperor questioned him: “To kill one's father is the greatest sin in the world. How could you say that it is tolerable?” Ruan Ji replied: “Animals instinctively recognize their mother but remain ignorant of their father. Therefore, killing one’s father reduces a person to an animal, but killing one’s mother makes them worse than a beast.” Everyone else in the hall was gaily convinced by his reasoning.
有司言有子杀母者，籍曰：「嘻！杀父乃可，至杀母乎！」坐者怪其失言。帝曰：「杀父，天下之极恶，而以为可乎？」籍曰：「禽兽知母而不知父，杀父，禽兽之类也。杀母禽兽之不若。」众乃悦服。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 失 | 言 |
| しつ Grade: 4 |
げん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɕit͡sɨɡẽ̞ɴ]
Noun
失言 • (shitsugen)
Verb
失言する • (shitsugen suru) intransitive suru (stem 失言し (shitsugen shi), past 失言した (shitsugen shita))
- say something inappropriate
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 失言し | しつげんし | shitsugen shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 失言し | しつげんし | shitsugen shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 失言する | しつげんする | shitsugen suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 失言する | しつげんする | shitsugen suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 失言すれ | しつげんすれ | shitsugen sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 失言せよ¹ 失言しろ² |
しつげんせよ¹ しつげんしろ² |
shitsugen seyo¹ shitsugen shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 失言される | しつげんされる | shitsugen sareru |
| Causative | 失言させる 失言さす |
しつげんさせる しつげんさす |
shitsugen saseru shitsugen sasu |
| Potential | 失言できる | しつげんできる | shitsugen dekiru |
| Volitional | 失言しよう | しつげんしよう | shitsugen shiyō |
| Negative | 失言しない | しつげんしない | shitsugen shinai |
| Negative continuative | 失言せず | しつげんせず | shitsugen sezu |
| Formal | 失言します | しつげんします | shitsugen shimasu |
| Perfective | 失言した | しつげんした | shitsugen shita |
| Conjunctive | 失言して | しつげんして | shitsugen shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 失言すれば | しつげんすれば | shitsugen sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “失言”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026