変ずる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 変 |
| へん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 變ずる (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
変 (“to change”) + する (“to do”, originally only 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive”), as opposed to す which is 終止形 (shūshikei, “final”)). The suru reading for する changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁). In Classical Japanese, it was 変ず (fenzu). Superseded, especially in Tokyo Japanese, by 変じる (henjiru) which derives from 連用形 (ren'yōkei) of す(る) (su(ru)).
fen + su → fenzu → henzuru → henjiru
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) へんずる [hèńzúrú] (Heiban – [0])
- (Tokyo) へんずる [hèńzúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])
- IPA(key): [hẽ̞nd͡zɨɾɯ̟]
Verb
変ずる • (henzuru) suru (stem 変じ (henji), past 変じた (henjita))
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 変じ 変ぜ |
へんじ へんぜ |
henji henze |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 変じ | へんじ | henji |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 変ずる | へんずる | henzuru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 変ずる | へんずる | henzuru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 変ずれ | へんずれ | henzure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 変ぜよ¹ 変じろ² |
へんぜよ¹ へんじろ² |
henzeyo¹ henjiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 変じられる 変ぜられる |
へんじられる へんぜられる |
henjirareru henzerareru |
| Causative | 変じさせる 変じさす |
へんじさせる へんじさす |
henjisaseru henjisasu |
| Potential | 変じられる 変ぜられる |
へんじられる へんぜられる |
henjirareru henzerareru |
| Volitional | 変じよう | へんじよう | henjiyō |
| Negative | 変じない | へんじない | henjinai |
| Negative continuative | 変ぜず | へんぜず | henzezu |
| Formal | 変じます | へんじます | henjimasu |
| Perfective | 変じた | へんじた | henjita |
| Conjunctive | 変じて | へんじて | henjite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 変ずれば | へんずれば | henzureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative