塾

塾	U+587E, 塾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-587E

← 塽
[U+587D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

塿 →
[U+587F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

塾 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜戈土 (YIG), four-corner 0510₄, composition ⿱孰土)

Derived characters

𨷙

Related characters

熟

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 237, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5402
Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 481, character 10
Unihan data for U+587E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		塾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 塾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (孰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
熟	*djɯwɢ
孰	*djɯwɢ
塾	*djɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯwɢ): phonetic 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shú (shu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): suk⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sio̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shú
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shú
  - Wade–Giles: shu²
  - Yale: shú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
  - Palladius: шу (šu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: suk⁶
  - Yale: suhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: sio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siok
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzyuwk

Rime
Character	塾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	殊六切
Baxter	dzyuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑuwk̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiuk̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*djɯwɢ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	塾
Reading #	1/1
No.	11799
Phonetic component	孰
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	熟
Old Chinese	/*djɯwɢ/

Definitions

塾

old-style private school

Compounds

塾師 / 塾师 (shúshī)
塾掌
學塾 / 学塾 (xuéshú)
家塾
敝塾
村塾 (cūnshú)
私塾 (sīshú)
私塾先生
義塾 / 义塾
門塾 / 门塾

Japanese

Kanji

塾

(Jōyō kanji)

cram school

Readings

Go-on: じゅく (juku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
Kun: もんべや (monbeya, 塾)、まなびや (manabiya, 塾)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
塾
じゅく Grade: S
goon

Originally from Middle Chinese 塾 (MC dzyuwk).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じゅく [júꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨkɯ̟]

Noun

塾(じゅく) • (juku)

a cram school
Synonym: 学習塾 (gakushū juku)
- 2006 November 17, Seimaru Amagi with Sato, Fumiya, “獄(ごく)門(もん)塾(じゅく)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)１(いち) [The Prison Gate Cram School Murder Case #1]”, in 獄門塾殺人事件（上） [The Prison Gate Cram School Murder Case (First Book)] (金田一少年の事件簿) (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:
  
  ところで草(そう)太(た)君(くん)の通(かよ)ってるこの塾(じゅく)——ホント名(な)前(まえ)どおりのコワソーな塾(じゅく)ね！
  Tokoro de Sōta-kun no kayotteru kono juku—— honto namae dōri no kowasō na juku ne!
  By the way Sōta, this cram school you’re studying at, it seems as hellish as its name suggests!
  ああ！「極(ごく)問(もん)塾(じゅく)」だろ？ホントは学(がく)問(もん)を極(きわ)めるっていう意(い)味(み)の「極(ごく)問(もん)」らしいんだけど　あんまりスパルタなんでこっちの「獄(ごく)門(もん)」って陰(かげ)ではいわれてるんだ！
  Ā! “Gokumon-juku” daro? Honto wa gakumon o kiwameru tte iu imi no “Gokumon” rashii nda kedo anmari Suparuta na nde kotchi no “Gokumon” tte kage de wa iwareteru nda!
  Oh! You mean “Gokumon Cram School”? “Gokumon” actually means something like ‘studying a field deeply’, but people just go with “Gokumon” as in ‘prison gate’ because of its harsh conditions!
  やだ！コワイ！
  Ya da! Kowai!
  No way! That’s spooky!

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 塾 (MC dzyuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 슉〮 (sywúk) (Yale: syuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

塾 (eumhun 글 방 숙 (geulbang suk))

hanja form^? of 숙 (“private school”)

Compounds

사숙 (私塾, sasuk)
서숙 (書塾, seosuk)
숙당 (塾堂, sukdang)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

塾: Hán Nôm readings: thục

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