堂堂
Chinese
| (main) hall; large room | (main) hall; large room | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (堂堂) |
堂 | 堂 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tángtáng
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ ㄊㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tángtáng
- Wade–Giles: tʻang2-tʻang2
- Yale: táng-táng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarngtarng
- Palladius: тантан (tantan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tong4 tong4
- Yale: tòhng tòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tong4 tong4
- Guangdong Romanization: tong4 tong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông-tông
- Tâi-lô: tông-tông
- Phofsit Daibuun: dongdoong
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: dang dang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤaŋ [d]ˤaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*daːŋ daːŋ/
Adjective
堂堂
- (literary) imposing; magnificent; majestic; stately
- (literary) grave; solemn; dignified
- 將來你長大時，
- From: June 1919; 胡適 Hu Shih; 我的兒子
- Jiānglái nǐ zhǎngdà shí,
Mò wàng le wǒ zěnyàng jiàoxùn érzi:
Wǒ yào nǐ zuò yīge tángtáng de rén,
Bù yào nǐ zuò wǒ de xiàoshùn érzi. [Pinyin] - (please add an English translation of this usage example)
莫忘了我怎樣教訓兒子：
我要你做一個堂堂的人，
不要你做我的孝順兒子。 [MSC, trad.]
将来你长大时，
莫忘了我怎样教训儿子：
我要你做一个堂堂的人，
不要你做我的孝顺儿子。 [MSC, simp.]
- (literary) powerful; strong
- (literary) ambitious
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 堂 | 堂 |
| どう Grade: 5 |
どう Grade: 5 |
| goon | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 堂々 |
Etymology
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 堂堂 (MC dang dang). First cited in Japanese in the late 1100s.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) どーどー [dòódóó] (Heiban – [0])[2][3][4]
- (Tokyo) どーどー [dòódóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3][4]
- IPA(key): [do̞ːdo̞ː]
Adjective
堂堂 • (dōdō) ←だうだう (daudau)?†-tari (adnominal 堂堂とした (dōdō to shita) or 堂堂たる (dōdō taru), adverbial 堂堂と (dōdō to) or 堂堂として (dōdō to shite))
- [from late 1100s] magnificent, grand, bold, impressive, majestic, imposing, dignified, stately
- 堂々たる大聖堂の外観
- dōdōtaru daiseidō no gaikan
- the exterior of the grand cathedral
- 堂々たる大聖堂の外観
- [from 1906] proud, fair, square, open, unreserved, hiding nothing
Usage notes
- As an adjective, this takes the たる (taru) attributive ending, as shown in the usage examples.
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 堂堂たら | だうだうたら | daudautara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 堂堂と[1] 堂堂たり[2] |
だうだうと だうだうたり |
daudauto daudautari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 堂堂たり | だうだうたり | daudautari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 堂堂たる | だうだうたる | daudautaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 堂堂たれ | だうだうたれ | daudautare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 堂堂たれ | だうだうたれ | daudautare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 堂堂たらず | だうだうたらず | daudautarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 堂堂たれど | だうだうたれど | daudautaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 堂堂たれば | だうだうたれば | daudautareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 堂堂たらば | だうだうたらば | daudautaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 堂堂たりき | だうだうたりき | daudautariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 堂堂たりけり | だうだうたりけり | daudautarikeri |
| Adverbial | 堂堂と | だうだうと | daudauto |
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.
Adverb
- [from late 1100s] magnificently, grandly, boldly, impressively, majesticly, imposingly, in a dignified or stately manner
- その老人は堂々とした顔つきをしていた。
- Sono rōjin wa dōdō to shita kaotsuki o shite ita.
- The old man had a noble countenance.
- 彼はその式典で堂々と振る舞った。
- Kare wa sono shikiten de dōdō to furumatta.
- He bore himself well at the ceremony.
- 堂々としなさい。
- Dōdō to shinasai.
- Walk tall, son.
- その老人は堂々とした顔つきをしていた。
- [from 1906] proudly, fairly, squarely, openly, unreservedly, without apology, without hesitation, hiding nothing
Usage notes
- As an adverb, this takes the adverbial particle と (to), as shown in the usage examples.
References
- ^ “堂堂”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “堂堂”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- EDICT and KANJIDIC dictionary files. Electronic Dictionaries Research Group. Used in accordance with the group's license.
- Michael Panzera (6 March 2010 (last accessed)), “List of -Taru Adjectives”, in Blastitwonner: Law and Language in Japan[3]