噦る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
噦
しゃく
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Shift from 噦る (sakuru).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

Verb

噦(しゃく)る • (shakuru) ←しやくる (syakuru)?intransitive godan (stem 噦(しゃく)り (shakuri), past 噦(しゃく)った (shakutta))

  1. to hiccup (to rapidly breathe in due to spasms of the diaphragm)
  2. to sob convulsively
Conjugation
Conjugation of "噦る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 噦ら しゃくら shakura
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 噦り しゃくり shakuri
Shūshikei ("terminal") 噦る しゃくる shakuru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 噦る しゃくる shakuru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 噦れ しゃくれ shakure
Meireikei ("imperative") 噦れ しゃくれ shakure
Key constructions
Passive 噦られる しゃくられる shakurareru
Causative 噦らせる
噦らす 		しゃくらせる
しゃくらす 		shakuraseru
shakurasu
Potential 噦れる しゃくれる shakureru
Volitional 噦ろう しゃくろう shakurō
Negative 噦らない しゃくらない shakuranai
Negative continuative 噦らず しゃくらず shakurazu
Formal 噦ります しゃくります shakurimasu
Perfective 噦った しゃくった shakutta
Conjunctive 噦って しゃくって shakutte
Hypothetical conditional 噦れば しゃくれば shakureba
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
噦
さく
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. May be related to さくる (sakuru) and しゃくる (shakuru); see the latter for more.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) さくる [sàkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • (Tokyo) さくる [sàkúrú] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [sa̠kɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

Verb

噦(さく)る • (sakuru) intransitive †yodan

  1. to hiccup (to rapidly breathe in due to spasms of the diaphragm)
  2. to sob convulsively
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "噦る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 噦ら さくら sakura
Continuative (連用形) 噦り さくり sakuri
Terminal (終止形) 噦る さくる sakuru
Attributive (連体形) 噦る さくる sakuru
Realis (已然形) 噦れ さくれ sakure
Imperative (命令形) 噦れ さくれ sakure
Key constructions
Negative 噦らず さくらず sakurazu
Contrasting conjunction 噦れど さくれど sakuredo
Causal conjunction 噦れば さくれば sakureba
Conditional conjunction 噦らば さくらば sakuraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 噦りき さくりき sakuriki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 噦りけり さくりけり sakurikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 噦りつ さくりつ sakuritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 噦りぬ さくりぬ sakurinu
Perfect-continuative tense 噦れり
噦りたり		 さくれり
さくりたり		 sakureri
sakuritari
Volitional 噦らむ さくらむ sakuramu
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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