喚起

See also: 唤起

Chinese

		to call	to rise; to raise; to get up
trad. (喚起)		喚	起
simp. (唤起)		唤	起

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huànqǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ ㄑㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁶ hei²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoàn-khí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huànqǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ ㄑㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huàncǐ
  - Wade–Giles: huan⁴-chʻi³
  - Yale: hwàn-chǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huannchii
  - Palladius: хуаньци (xuanʹci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯än⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wun⁶ hei²
  - Yale: wuhn héi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁶ hei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: wun⁶ héi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːn²² hei̯³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoàn-khí
  - Tâi-lô: huàn-khí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoarnqie
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /huan²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰi⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /huan¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi⁴¹/

Verb

喚起

to arouse; to waken; to evoke (attention, memory, etc.)
喚起民眾覺醒／唤起民众觉醒 ― huànqǐ mínzhòng juéxǐng ― to awaken the people to the truth
- 喚起搔頭急，扶起幾屐穿。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  唤起搔头急，扶起几屐穿。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 唐．Du Fu《秋日夔府詠懷奉寄鄭監李賓客一百韻》
  Huànqǐ sāotóu jí, fú qǐ jǐ jī chuān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 喚起謫仙泉灑面，倒傾鮫室瀉瓊瑰。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  唤起谪仙泉洒面，倒倾鲛室泻琼瑰。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 宋．Su Shi《有美堂暴雨》
  Huànqǐ zhéxiān quán sǎ miàn, dǎo qīng jiāo shì xiè qióngguī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 2017 January 12, Javier C. Hernández, “中國修改教科書，「八年抗戰」變「十四年抗戰」 [China, Fanning Patriotism, Adds 6 Years to War with Japan in History Books]”, in The New York Times‎^[1]:
  
  革命的讚歌喚起1937至1945年那個血雨腥風的年代。中國以外的地方稱之為第二次中日戰爭。 [MSC, trad.]
  革命的赞歌唤起1937至1945年那个血雨腥风的年代。中国以外的地方称之为第二次中日战争。 [MSC, simp.]
  Gémìng de zàngē huànqǐ 1937 zhì 1945 nián nàge xuèyǔxīngfēng de niándài. Zhōngguó yǐwài de dìfāng chēng zhī wéi dì'èrcì Zhōngrì zhànzhēng. [Pinyin]
  Revolutionary hymns evoked the bloody years, from 1937 to 1945, of what is known outside China as the Second Sino-Japanese War.
to initiate; to trigger (a reaction, process, etc.); to cause; to result in

Synonyms

(to initiate):

edit

導發 / 导发 (dǎofā)
引發 / 引发 (yǐnfā)
引起 (yǐnqǐ)
招
招惹 (zhāorě)
挑動 / 挑动 (tiǎodòng)
掀動 / 掀动 (xiāndòng)
滋生 (zīshēng)
觸發 / 触发 (chùfā)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (喚起):

→ Japanese: 喚(かん)起(き) (kanki)
→ Korean: 환기(喚起) (hwan'gi)

References

“喚起”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
喚	起
かん Grade: S	き Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kã̠ŋʲkʲi]

Noun

喚(かん)起(き) • (kanki)

arousal

Verb

喚(かん)起(き)する • (kanki suru) transitive suru (stem 喚(かん)起(き)し (kanki shi), past 喚(かん)起(き)した (kanki shita))

arouse, awaken

Conjugation

Conjugation of "喚起する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	喚起し	かんきし	kanki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	喚起し	かんきし	kanki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	喚起する	かんきする	kanki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	喚起する	かんきする	kanki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	喚起すれ	かんきすれ	kanki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	喚起せよ¹ 喚起しろ²	かんきせよ¹ かんきしろ²	kanki seyo¹ kanki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	喚起される	かんきされる	kanki sareru
Causative	喚起させる喚起さす	かんきさせるかんきさす	kanki saseru kanki sasu
Potential	喚起できる	かんきできる	kanki dekiru
Volitional	喚起しよう	かんきしよう	kanki shiyō
Negative	喚起しない	かんきしない	kanki shinai
Negative continuative	喚起せず	かんきせず	kanki sezu
Formal	喚起します	かんきします	kanki shimasu
Perfective	喚起した	かんきした	kanki shita
Conjunctive	喚起して	かんきして	kanki shite
Hypothetical conditional	喚起すれば	かんきすれば	kanki sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

呼(よ)び起(お)こす (yobiokosu)

References

“喚起”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN