向かい合う
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 向 | 合 |
| む Grade: 3 |
あ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 向い合う |
Etymology
Compound of 向かい (mukai, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 向かう (mukau, “to face”)) + 合う (au, “to do together; to do reciprocally”).
Pronunciation
Verb
向かい合う • (mukaiau) ←むかひあふ (mukafiafu)?intransitive godan (stem 向かい合い (mukaiai), past 向かい合った (mukaiatta))
- to be opposite; to face one another; to confront
- ゴールは町のはずれに向かい合うように置かれていたのです。
- Gōru wa machi no hazure ni mukaiau yō ni okareteita no desu.
- The goals were placed at the opposite ends of the town.
- 二人の男が向かい合った。
- Futari no otoko ga mukaiatta.
- The two men faced each other.
- その警察官は怒っている群集と向かい合った。
- Sono keisatsukan wa okotteiru gunshū to mukaiatta.
- That policeman was confronted by the angry mob.
- ゴールは町のはずれに向かい合うように置かれていたのです。
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 向かい合わ | むかいあわ | mukaiawa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 向かい合い | むかいあい | mukaiai |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 向かい合う | むかいあう | mukaiau |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 向かい合う | むかいあう | mukaiau |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 向かい合え | むかいあえ | mukaiae |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 向かい合え | むかいあえ | mukaiae |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 向かい合われる | むかいあわれる | mukaiawareru |
| Causative | 向かい合わせる 向かい合わす |
むかいあわせる むかいあわす |
mukaiawaseru mukaiawasu |
| Potential | 向かい合える | むかいあえる | mukaiaeru |
| Volitional | 向かい合おう | むかいあおう | mukaiaō |
| Negative | 向かい合わない | むかいあわない | mukaiawanai |
| Negative continuative | 向かい合わず | むかいあわず | mukaiawazu |
| Formal | 向かい合います | むかいあいます | mukaiaimasu |
| Perfective | 向かい合った | むかいあった | mukaiatta |
| Conjunctive | 向かい合って | むかいあって | mukaiatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 向かい合えば | むかいあえば | mukaiaeba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 向かい合は | むかいあは | mukaiafa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 向かい合ひ | むかいあひ | mukaiafi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 向かい合ふ | むかいあふ | mukaiafu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 向かい合ふ | むかいあふ | mukaiafu |
| Realis (已然形) | 向かい合へ | むかいあへ | mukaiafe |
| Imperative (命令形) | 向かい合へ | むかいあへ | mukaiafe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 向かい合はず | むかいあはず | mukaiafazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 向かい合へど | むかいあへど | mukaiafedo |
| Causal conjunction | 向かい合へば | むかいあへば | mukaiafeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 向かい合はば | むかいあはば | mukaiafaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 向かい合ひき | むかいあひき | mukaiafiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 向かい合ひけり | むかいあひけり | mukaiafikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 向かい合ひつ | むかいあひつ | mukaiafitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 向かい合ひぬ | むかいあひぬ | mukaiafinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 向かい合へり 向かい合ひたり |
むかいあへり むかいあひたり |
mukaiaferi mukaiafitari |
| Volitional | 向かい合はむ | むかいあはむ | mukaiafamu |
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN