司る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
司
つかさど
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
掌る
宰る

Etymology

Compound of 官 (tsukasa, “position of authority”) +‎ 取る (toru, “to take”).[1][2] The toru changes to doru as an instance of rendaku (連(れん)濁(だく)).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) つかさどる [tsùkásádóꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[2][3][4]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨ̥ka̠sa̠do̞ɾɯ̟]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 司る
Plain 司る つかさどる [tsùkásádóꜜrù]
Conjunctive 司って つかさどって [tsùkásádóꜜttè]
Perfective 司った つかさどった [tsùkásádóꜜttà]
Negative 司らない つかさどらない [tsùkásádóráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 司らなかった つかさどらなかった [tsùkásádóráꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 司れば つかさどれば [tsùkásádóꜜrèbà]
Past conditional 司ったら つかさどったら [tsùkásádóꜜttàrà]
Imperative 司れ つかさどれ [tsùkásádóꜜrè]
Volitional 司ろう つかさどろー [tsùkásádóróꜜò]
Desiderative 司りたい つかさどりたい [tsùkásádórítáꜜì]
Formal 司ります つかさどります [tsùkásádórímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 司りません つかさどりません [tsùkásádórímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 司りましょう つかさどりましょー [tsùkásádórímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 司りました つかさどりました [tsùkásádórímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 司り
司りに 		つかさどり
つかさどりに 		[tsùkásádóꜜrì]
[tsùkásádóꜜrì nì]
Negative continuative 司らず
司らずに 		つかさどらず
つかさどらずに 		[tsùkásádóráꜜzù]
[tsùkásádóráꜜzù nì]
Passive 司られる つかさどられる [tsùkásádóráréꜜrù]
Causative 司らせる
司らす 		つかさどらせる
つかさどらす 		[tsùkásádóráséꜜrù]
[tsùkásádóráꜜsù]
Potential 司れる つかさどれる [tsùkásádóréꜜrù]

Verb

司(つかさど)る • (tsukasadoru) transitive godan (stem 司(つかさど)り (tsukasadori), past 司(つかさど)った (tsukasadotta))

  1. To manage or be in charge of a role or job, in a position of responsibility.
    会(かい)計(けい)事(じ)務(む)を司(つかさど)る者(もの)
    kaikei jimu o tsukasadoru mono
    the person in charge of or responsible for the accounting work
  2. To rule, control, or administer people or things, from a position of authority.
    生(せい)死(し)を司(つかさど)る神(かみ)
    seishi o tsukasadoru kami
    the god controlling life and death
  3. (biology) To carry out a role, to serve a function, as done by an organ of the body.
    呼(こ)吸(きゅう)を司(つかさど)る臓(ぞう)器(き)は肺(はい)です。
    Kokyū o tsukasadoru zōki wa hai desu.
    The organ that handles breathing is the lungs.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "司る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 司ら つかさどら tsukasadora
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 司り つかさどり tsukasadori
Shūshikei ("terminal") 司る つかさどる tsukasadoru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 司る つかさどる tsukasadoru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 司れ つかさどれ tsukasadore
Meireikei ("imperative") 司れ つかさどれ tsukasadore
Key constructions
Passive 司られる つかさどられる tsukasadorareru
Causative 司らせる
司らす 		つかさどらせる
つかさどらす 		tsukasadoraseru
tsukasadorasu
Potential 司れる つかさどれる tsukasadoreru
Volitional 司ろう つかさどろう tsukasadorō
Negative 司らない つかさどらない tsukasadoranai
Negative continuative 司らず つかさどらず tsukasadorazu
Formal 司ります つかさどります tsukasadorimasu
Perfective 司った つかさどった tsukasadotta
Conjunctive 司って つかさどって tsukasadotte
Hypothetical conditional 司れば つかさどれば tsukasadoreba

Synonyms

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  • “△司る”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
  • Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
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