反芻

See also: 反刍

Chinese

		wrong side out or up; anti-	surname; cut grass; hay surname; cut grass; hay; straw; fodder
trad. (反芻)		反	芻
simp. (反刍)		反	刍
alternative forms		反蒭

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fǎnchú

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˇ ㄔㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faan² co¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hoán-chho͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang² cu¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fǎnchú
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˇ ㄔㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǎnchú
  - Wade–Giles: fan³-chʻu²
  - Yale: fǎn-chú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faanchwu
  - Palladius: фаньчу (fanʹču)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan² co¹
  - Yale: fáan chō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan² tso¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan² co¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn³⁵ t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoán-chho͘
  - Tâi-lô: huán-tshoo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoafnzhof
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang² cu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huáng tshu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰu³³/

Verb

反芻

to ruminate; to chew the cud
(figurative) to meditate on; to mull over (past events)

Synonyms

(to ruminate):

Dialectal synonyms of 反芻 (“to ruminate; to chew the cud”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		反芻, 倒嚼, 倒噍
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	反芻, 倒嚼
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	倒噍
	Xi'an	倒磨
	Xining	倒磨
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	倒磨
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	回嚼
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	反草
Cantonese	Guangzhou	翻草
Hakka	Meixian	倒胲
	Huidong (Daling)	倒草
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	翻肚
	Changting	倒草
	Wuping	倒草
	Wuping (Pingyu)	倒草
	Liancheng	倒草
	Ruijin	倒草
	Shicheng	倒草
	Shangyou (Shexi)	倒草
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	倒草
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	倒草
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	倒草
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	倒草
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	倒草
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	翻草
Huizhou	Jixi	倒草
Jin	Xinzhou	倒嚼
Southern Min	Xiamen	翻草, 倒噍
	Zhangzhou	倒噍
	Tainan	翻草
Wu	Jinhua	轉嚼

Derived terms

反芻動物 / 反刍动物 (fǎnchú dòngwù)
反芻物 / 反刍物 (fǎnchúwù)
反芻胃 / 反刍胃

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (反芻):

→ Japanese: 反芻(はんすう) (hansū)
→ Korean: 반추(反芻) (banchu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
反	芻
はん Grade: 3	すう Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
反すう

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はんすう [hàńsúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [hã̠ɰ̃sɨː]

Noun

反(はん)芻(すう) • (hansū)

(of cows, etc...) rumination, regurgitation
(figurative) meditating on, pondering

Verb

反(はん)芻(すう)する • (hansū suru) suru (stem 反(はん)芻(すう)し (hansū shi), past 反(はん)芻(すう)した (hansū shita))

to ruminate, to chew the cud
to meditate on, to think over
- Tatoeba
  改(あらた)めて反芻(はんすう)してると、何(なん)だか恥(は)ずかしいぞ。
  Aratamete hansū shiteru to, nandaka hazukashī zo.
  Now that I think over it, it's somewhat embarrassing.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "反芻する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	反芻し	はんすうし	hansū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	反芻し	はんすうし	hansū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	反芻する	はんすうする	hansū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	反芻する	はんすうする	hansū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	反芻すれ	はんすうすれ	hansū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	反芻せよ¹ 反芻しろ²	はんすうせよ¹ はんすうしろ²	hansū seyo¹ hansū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	反芻される	はんすうされる	hansū sareru
Causative	反芻させる反芻さす	はんすうさせるはんすうさす	hansū saseru hansū sasu
Potential	反芻できる	はんすうできる	hansū dekiru
Volitional	反芻しよう	はんすうしよう	hansū shiyō
Negative	反芻しない	はんすうしない	hansū shinai
Negative continuative	反芻せず	はんすうせず	hansū sezu
Formal	反芻します	はんすうします	hansū shimasu
Perfective	反芻した	はんすうした	hansū shita
Conjunctive	反芻して	はんすうして	hansū shite
Hypothetical conditional	反芻すれば	はんすうすれば	hansū sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Derived terms

反芻類(はんすうるい) (hansūrui)
反芻症(はんすうしょう) (hansūshō)
反芻胃(はんすうい) (hansūi)
反芻動物(はんすうどうぶつ) (hansūdōbutsu)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“反^▲芻”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026