卒業

See also: 卒业

Chinese

	to finish	business; occupation; study
trad. (卒業)	卒	業
simp. (卒业)	卒	业
alternative forms	出業／出业 Min Nan

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zúyè

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeot¹ jip⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chut-ngia̍p
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chut-gia̍p
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷tseq-gniq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zúyè
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zúyè
  - Wade–Giles: tsu²-yeh⁴
  - Yale: dzú-yè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwuyeh
  - Palladius: цзуе (czuje)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su³⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeot¹ jip⁶
  - Yale: jēut yihp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoet⁷ jip⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêd¹ yib⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵt̚⁵ jiːp̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chut-ngia̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: zud^ˋ ngiab
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zud⁵ ngiab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sut̚² ŋi̯ap̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chut-gia̍p
  - Tâi-lô: tsut-gia̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zutgiap
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiap̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁵ ɡiap̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tseq-gniq
  - MiniDict: tseh^入 nyih
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq-nyiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tswit ngjaep

Rime
Character	卒	業
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	術 (52)	業 (147)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	子聿切	魚怯切
Baxter	tswit	ngjaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siuɪt̚/	/ŋɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʷit̚/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjuet̚/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡swit̚/	/ŋɨap̚/
Li Rong	/t͡siuĕt̚/	/ŋiap̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭuĕt̚/	/ŋĭɐp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯uĕt̚/	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ju	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zeot¹	jip⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ut [m-qʰ](r)[a]p/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsud ŋab/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	卒	業
Reading #	1/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zú	yè
Middle Chinese	‹ tswit ›	‹ ngjæp ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ut/	/*[m-qʰ](r)[a]p/
English	finish, die	work (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	卒	業
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	17964	14819
Phonetic component	卒	業
Rime group	物	盍
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	卒	業
Old Chinese	/*ʔsud/	/*ŋab/
Notes	裘錫圭康殷皆雲金文象衣加劃表衣縫製完結

Verb

卒業 (intransitive)

(literary) to graduate
(Classical) to finish a task
(Classical) to finish reading aloud

Synonyms

(to graduate):

edit

出業 / 出业 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
完成學業 / 完成学业 (wánchéng xuéyè)
畢業 / 毕业 (bìyè)
結束學習 / 结束学习 (jiéshù xuéxí)

Derived terms

卒業生 / 卒业生 (zúyèshēng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (卒業):

→ Japanese: 卒業(そつぎょう) (sotsugyō)
→ Korean: 졸업(卒業) (joreop)
→ Vietnamese: tốt nghiệp (卒業)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
卒	業
そつ Grade: 4	ぎょう Grade: 3
kan'on

Alternative spelling
卆業

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そつぎょー [sòtsúgyóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [so̞t͡sɨɡʲo̞ː]

Noun

卒(そつ)業(ぎょう) • (sotsugyō) ^{←そつげふ (sotugefu)^?}

graduation
人間(にんげん)卒業(そつぎょう)
ningen sotsugyō
(humorous) transcending humanity; superhuman
outgrowth
(Japanese entertainment) graduation (leaving a group)

Coordinate terms

(graduation): 修了(しゅうりょう) (shūryō): completion (of a course)
(outgrowth): 脱却(だっきゃく) (dakkyaku): escape

Derived terms

卒業試験(そつぎょうしけん) (sotsugyō shiken): (n.) graduation exam
卒業式(そつぎょうしき) (sotsugyō-shiki): (n.) commencement ceremony, graduation ceremony
卒業証書(そつぎょうしょうしょ) (sotsugyō shōsho): (n.) diploma
卒業生(そつぎょうせい) (sotsugyōsei): (n.) alumnus, alumni
卒業論文(そつぎょうろんぶん) (sotsugyō ronbun): graduation thesis

Verb

卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)する • (sotsugyō suru) ^{←そつげふ (sotugefu)^?}suru (stem 卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)し (sotsugyō shi), past 卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)した (sotsugyō shita))

to graduate
大学(だいがく)を卒業(そつぎょう)する
daigaku o sotsugyō suru
graduate from college
to outgrow
工業社会(こうぎょうしゃかい)を卒業(そつぎょう)して、情報社会(じょうほうしゃかい)に移行(いこう)する
kōgyō shakai o sotsugyō shite, jōhō shakai ni ikō suru
outgrow the industrial society and shift to the information society
(Japanese entertainment) to graduate (leave a group)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "卒業する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	卒業し	そつぎょうし	sotsugyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	卒業し	そつぎょうし	sotsugyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	卒業する	そつぎょうする	sotsugyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	卒業する	そつぎょうする	sotsugyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	卒業すれ	そつぎょうすれ	sotsugyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	卒業せよ¹ 卒業しろ²	そつぎょうせよ¹ そつぎょうしろ²	sotsugyō seyo¹ sotsugyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	卒業される	そつぎょうされる	sotsugyō sareru
Causative	卒業させる卒業さす	そつぎょうさせるそつぎょうさす	sotsugyō saseru sotsugyō sasu
Potential	卒業できる	そつぎょうできる	sotsugyō dekiru
Volitional	卒業しよう	そつぎょうしよう	sotsugyō shiyō
Negative	卒業しない	そつぎょうしない	sotsugyō shinai
Negative continuative	卒業せず	そつぎょうせず	sotsugyō sezu
Formal	卒業します	そつぎょうします	sotsugyō shimasu
Perfective	卒業した	そつぎょうした	sotsugyō shita
Conjunctive	卒業して	そつぎょうして	sotsugyō shite
Hypothetical conditional	卒業すれば	そつぎょうすれば	sotsugyō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“卒業”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
卒	業

Noun

卒業 • (joreop) (hangeul 졸업)

hanja form^? of 졸업 (“graduation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
卒	業

Verb

卒業

chữ Hán form of tốt nghiệp (“to graduate”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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