冷え込む
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 冷 | 込 |
| ひ Grade: 4 |
こ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi | |
See also 冷え込み
Etymology
Compound verb from 冷え (hie, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 冷える (hieru, “to become cold”)) + 込む (komu, “to go into”).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) ひえこむ [hìékómú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) ひえこむ [hìékóꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3]
- IPA(key): [çie̞ko̞mɯ̟]
Verb
冷え込む • (hiekomu) ←ひえこむ (fiekomu)?intransitive godan (stem 冷え込み (hiekomi), past 冷え込んだ (hiekonda))
- get colder, cool down
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 冷え込ま | ひえこま | hiekoma |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 冷え込み | ひえこみ | hiekomi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 冷え込む | ひえこむ | hiekomu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 冷え込む | ひえこむ | hiekomu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 冷え込め | ひえこめ | hiekome |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 冷え込め | ひえこめ | hiekome |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 冷え込まれる | ひえこまれる | hiekomareru |
| Causative | 冷え込ませる 冷え込ます |
ひえこませる ひえこます |
hiekomaseru hiekomasu |
| Potential | 冷え込める | ひえこめる | hiekomeru |
| Volitional | 冷え込もう | ひえこもう | hiekomō |
| Negative | 冷え込まない | ひえこまない | hiekomanai |
| Negative continuative | 冷え込まず | ひえこまず | hiekomazu |
| Formal | 冷え込みます | ひえこみます | hiekomimasu |
| Perfective | 冷え込んだ | ひえこんだ | hiekonda |
| Conjunctive | 冷え込んで | ひえこんで | hiekonde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 冷え込めば | ひえこめば | hiekomeba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 冷え込ま | ひえこま | fiekoma |
| Continuative (連用形) | 冷え込み | ひえこみ | fiekomi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 冷え込む | ひえこむ | fiekomu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 冷え込む | ひえこむ | fiekomu |
| Realis (已然形) | 冷え込め | ひえこめ | fiekome |
| Imperative (命令形) | 冷え込め | ひえこめ | fiekome |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 冷え込まず | ひえこまず | fiekomazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 冷え込めど | ひえこめど | fiekomedo |
| Causal conjunction | 冷え込めば | ひえこめば | fiekomeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 冷え込まば | ひえこまば | fiekomaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 冷え込みき | ひえこみき | fiekomiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 冷え込みけり | ひえこみけり | fiekomikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 冷え込みつ | ひえこみつ | fiekomitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 冷え込みぬ | ひえこみぬ | fiekominu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 冷え込めり 冷え込みたり |
ひえこめり ひえこみたり |
fiekomeri fiekomitari |
| Volitional | 冷え込まむ | ひえこまむ | fiekomamu |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN