侍る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
侍
はべ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Etymology

A regular shift from classical form 侍(はべ)り (haberi), with the ラ行(ぎょう)変(へん)格(かく)活(かつ)用(よう) (ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “r-irregular conjugation”) pattern changing into a 五(ご)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (godan katsuyō, “quintigrade conjugation”) pattern.

侍(はべ)り (haberi) itself is said to be a shift from 這(は)ひ (hahi, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “conjunctive form”) of 這(は)ふ (hafu, classical form of 這(は)う (hau, “to crawl”))) + あり (ari, classical form of ある (aru, “to exist; to be”)).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はべる [hàbéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])
IPA^(key): [ha̠be̞ɾɯ̟]

Verb

侍(はべ)る • (haberu) intransitive godan (stem 侍(はべ)り (haberi), past 侍(はべ)った (habetta))

serve, wait upon
男(おとこ)をはべらせる
otoko o haberaseru
to have a man/men by one's side

Conjugation

Conjugation of "侍る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	侍ら	はべら	habera
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	侍り	はべり	haberi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	侍る	はべる	haberu
Rentaikei ("attributive")	侍る	はべる	haberu
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	侍れ	はべれ	habere
Meireikei ("imperative")	侍れ	はべれ	habere
Key constructions
Passive	侍られる	はべられる	haberareru
Causative	侍らせる侍らす	はべらせるはべらす	haberaseru haberasu
Potential	侍れる	はべれる	habereru
Volitional	侍ろう	はべろう	haberō
Negative	侍らない	はべらない	haberanai
Negative continuative	侍らず	はべらず	haberazu
Formal	侍ります	はべります	haberimasu
Perfective	侍った	はべった	habetta
Conjunctive	侍って	はべって	habette
Hypothetical conditional	侍れば	はべれば	habereba

Classical conjugation of "侍り" (ラ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	侍ら	はべら	fabera
Continuative (連用形)	侍り	はべり	faberi
Terminal (終止形)	侍り	はべり	faberi
Attributive (連体形)	侍る	はべる	faberu
Realis (已然形)	侍れ	はべれ	fabere
Imperative (命令形)	侍れ	はべれ	fabere
Key constructions
Negative	侍らず	はべらず	faberazu
Contrasting conjunction	侍れど	はべれど	faberedo
Causal conjunction	侍れば	はべれば	fabereba
Conditional conjunction	侍らば	はべらば	faberaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	侍りき	はべりき	faberiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	侍りけり	はべりけり	faberikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	侍りつ	はべりつ	faberitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	侍りぬ	はべりぬ	faberinu
Perfect-continuative tense	侍りたり^[1]	はべりたり	faberitari
Volitional	侍らむ	はべらむ	faberamu

^[1]Often proscribed due to a redundancy of having 2 あり.

References

^ “侍る”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

“^△侍る”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[1] “侍る”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[1]