U+4ECD, 仍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECD

[U+4ECC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4ECE]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人弓竹尸 (ONHS), four-corner 27227, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 361
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 110, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4ECD

Bailang

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (brain, heart, mind). Compare Tibetan སྙིང (snying, heart), Old Chinese (OC *njin, “kernel”).

Noun

(*niŋ)

  1. heart

References

  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient[1], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯŋ): semantic + phonetic (OC *nɯːʔ).

Etymology

“to be done repeatedly; as before”
A terminative derivation from (OC *njis, “two”), literally “got to be done twice/again”. Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-n(j)aŋ (to follow; to repeat).

Pronunciation


Note: Pronounced as rēng or rěng dialectally.
Note:
  • 3nyin - vernacular;
  • 3zen - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ʐəŋ⁴⁴/
/ʐəŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /iŋ⁴⁵/
/ʐəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʐəŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ʐəŋ²⁴/
Xining /ʐə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /və̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən²¹³/
Chengdu /zən³¹/
Guiyang /zen²¹/
Kunming /ʐə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʐən²⁴/
/ʐən²¹²/
Hefei /ʐən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ʐən¹³/
Xiangtan /in¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /in¹¹/
Taoyuan /in¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ²¹/
Nanning /jeŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /jiŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /zoŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zeŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nying
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵiŋ/
Li
Rong
/ȵiəŋ/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
réng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jing4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
réng
Middle
Chinese
‹ nying ›
Old
Chinese
/*nəŋ/
English repeat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9342
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*njɯŋ/

Definitions

  1. to follow; to do the same as
  2. to continue; to be done repeatedly
  3. frequently; repeatedly
  4. the eighth generation; numerous (descendants)
  5. still; yet
  6. thus; as a result
  7. a surname

Synonyms

  • (to follow):
  • (still):

Compounds

  • 一仍
  • 一仍其舊 / 一仍其旧
  • 一仍舊貫 / 一仍旧贯 (yīréng-jiùguàn)
  • 仍世 (réngshì)
  • 仍仍
  • 仍便
  • 仍再
  • 仍几
  • 仍即
  • 仍因
  • 仍孫 / 仍孙
  • 仍就
  • 仍屬 / 仍属
  • 仍復 / 仍复
  • 仍接
  • 仍是 (réngshì)
  • 仍歲 / 仍岁
  • 仍然 (réngrán)
  • 仍疊 / 仍叠
  • 仍續 / 仍续
  • 仍纏 / 仍缠
  • 仍耗
  • 仍舊 / 仍旧 (réngjiù)
  • 仍舊貫 / 仍旧贯
  • 仍萌故態 / 仍萌故态
  • 仍親 / 仍亲
  • 仍蹈前轍 / 仍蹈前辙
  • 仍蹈故轍 / 仍蹈故辙
  • 仍蹈覆轍 / 仍蹈覆辙
  • 仍迭
  • 仍重
  • 仍陋襲簡 / 仍陋袭简
  • 仍雲 / 仍云
  • 創巨痛仍 / 创巨痛仍
  • 創鉅痛仍 / 创巨痛仍
  • 因仍
  • 因仍苟且
  • 姑仍舊貫 / 姑仍旧贯
  • 屢蹶仍振 / 屡蹶仍振
  • 循仍
  • 悉仍其舊 / 悉仍其旧
  • 悉仍舊貫 / 悉仍旧贯
  • 昆仍
  • 有仍
  • 水寒頻仍 / 水寒频仍
  • 相仍
  • 累仍
  • 荐仍
  • 覆轍相仍 / 覆辙相仍
  • 連仍 / 连仍
  • 重仍
  • 雲仍 / 云仍
  • 頻仍 / 频仍 (pínréng)
  • 饑饉相仍 / 饥馑相仍

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Vietnamese: nhưng ()

Others:

Japanese

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Go-on: にょう (nyō)ねう (neu, historical)
  • Kan-on: じょう ()ぜう (zeu, historical)
  • Kun: よる (yoru)しきりに (shikirini)なお (nao)なほ (nafo, historical)
  • Nanori: なお (nao)なほ (nafo, historical)

Korean

Hanja

(eum (ing))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: nhưng[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
: Nôm readings: nhưng[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], những[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], nhửng[3][5][6][7], dưng[1][2][3], dửng[1][2][3], nhăng[1][3][4], nhẳng[3][4], dừng[1], nhằng[1], nhâng[1], dằng[2], nhùng[3], nhừng[6]

  1. chữ Hán form of nhưng (but; yet)
  2. chữ Nôm form of dừng (to stop; to halt)
  3. chữ Nôm form of dửng (uncaring; callous)
  4. chữ Nôm form of nhăng (used in lăng nhăng (trashy; unimportant; insignificant; trivial))
  5. chữ Nôm form of những (Plural marker)
    • 1820, 阮攸 [Nguyễn Du], compiled by Liễu Văn Đường, 傳翹 [Truyện Kiều], published 1866, line 4:
      (Những)調(điều)𬖉(trông)𧡊(thấy)(đã)𤴬(đau)(đớn)𢚸(lòng)
      The things that we saw still deeply pain our hearts.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Trần (2004).
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Hồ (1976).
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Bonet (1899).
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Génibrel (1898).
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).