人參

Chinese

		man; person; people	ginseng
trad. (人參/人蔘)		人	參/蔘
simp. (人参)		人	参

Etymology

Referring to the root's characteristic forked shape, resembling the legs of a man.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rénshēn

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄕㄣ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan⁴ sam¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngin³ lhim¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'liin⁴ sen¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngìn-sêm

(Hailu, HRS): ngin sem^ˋ
Eastern Min (BUC): ìng-sĕng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): jîn-sim / lîn-sim / jîn-song / lîn-song / lîn-serm / jîn-sam / lîn-sam / jîn-som / lîn-som / gîn-som

(Teochew, Peng'im): ring⁵ siam¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶gnin-sen / ²gnin-sen₁

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rénshēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄕㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rénshen
  - Wade–Giles: jên²-shên¹
  - Yale: rén-shēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renshen
  - Palladius: жэньшэнь (žɛnʹšɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    人參 / 人参
    人身
    壬申
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jan⁴ sam¹
  - Yale: yàhn sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴ sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴ sem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    人參 / 人参
    人心
    仁心
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngin³ lhim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡin²² ɬim³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'liin⁴ sen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈlɨn³⁵ sɛn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn-sêm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngin^ˇ sem^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngin² sem¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋin¹¹ sem²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngin sem^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵⁵ sem⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng-sĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)nɛiŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-sim
  - Tâi-lô: jîn-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jinsym
  - Sinological IPA (Tainan, Yilan): /d͡zin²⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sim
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linsym
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kinmen): /lin²⁴⁻¹² sim⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-song
  - Tâi-lô: jîn-song
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jinsofng
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-song
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-song
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linsofng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-serm
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-serm
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /lin²⁴⁻²² səm³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-sam
  - Tâi-lô: jîn-sam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jinsafm
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ sam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sam
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-sam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linsafm
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-som
  - Tâi-lô: jîn-som
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jinsofm
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² sɔm⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ sɔm⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-som
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-som
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linsofm
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔm⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gîn-som
  - Tâi-lô: gîn-som
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ginsofm
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ring⁵ siam¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jîng siam
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siam³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gnin-sen
  - MiniDict: nyin^去 sen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin-sen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²² sən⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²gnin-sen₁
  - MiniDict: nyin^平 sen^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /n̠ʲin²² sən³³/

Noun

人參

ginseng (any of several plants, of the genus Panax)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 人參 (“ginseng”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		人參
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	人參
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	人參
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	人參
	Wanrong	人參
	Xi'an	人參
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	參
Cantonese	Guangzhou	參
Cantonese	Hong Kong	人參, 參
Gan	Nanchang	人參
	Lichuan	人參
	Pingxiang	人參, 參
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	參
Southern Min	Xiamen	人參
	Quanzhou	人參
	Zhangzhou	人參
	Tainan	參仔
	Leizhou	參
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	人參
Wu	Suzhou	人參

Derived terms

人參果 / 人参果 (rénshēnguǒ)
人參皂苷 / 人参皂苷 (rénshēn zàogān)
屁股裡吃人參 / 屁股里吃人参

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (人參):

→ Japanese: 人(ニン)参(ジン) (ninjin)
→ Korean: 인삼(人蔘) (insam)
→ Vietnamese: nhân sâm (人參)

Others:

→ English: ginseng
→ Russian: женьшень (ženʹšenʹ)

References

Duffus, William (1883), “ginseng”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 122

Japanese

Kanji in this term
人	參
にん Grade: 1	しん > じん Hyōgai
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 人參 – see the following entry.

【人参にんじん】

[noun] a carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus)

[noun] synonym of 朝鮮人参 (chōsen ninjin, “Panax ginseng”)

[noun] (traditional Chinese medicine) dried ginseng root used in medicine

Alternative spelling
ニンジン

(This term, 人參, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
人	參

Noun

人參 • (insam) (hangeul 인삼)

alternative form of 人蔘

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
人	參

Noun

人參

chữ Hán form of nhân sâm (“ginseng”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		西洋參
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	西洋參, 花旗參, 粉光參
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	洋參, 泡參
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	洋參
Cantonese	Guangzhou	花旗參, 西洋參, 洋參
	Hong Kong	花旗參
	Taishan	花旗參
	Kaiping (Chikan)	花旗參
	Dongguan	花旗參, 西洋參
Huizhou	Jixi	西洋參
Northern Min	Jian'ou	洋參
Southern Min	Xiamen	洋參
	Quanzhou	洋參
	Haifeng	洋參
Wu	Hangzhou	花旗參
Wu	Jinhua	西洋參

Chinese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References

Japanese

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun