亙

See also: 𠄣 and 亘

亙	U+4E99, 亙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E99

← 亘
[U+4E98]

CJK Unified Ideographs

亚 →
[U+4E9A]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

亙 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一月一 (MBM), four-corner 1010₆, composition ⿻𠄠⿴𠂊⺀)

Derived characters

𫰟, 恆, 𢫮, 𬇛, 𤙆, 𦚹, 𧙸, 絚, 𰬌, 𨀿, 䱍

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 87, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 265
Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 19, character 5
Unihan data for U+4E99

Chinese

trad.		亙/亘^*
simp.		亘^*
alternative forms		𠀕𠄣𠄭

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亙
Small seal script s04388 Transcribed ancient scripts L07237 L24478 L24479 L24480
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (亙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
搄	kɯːŋ, kɯːŋs
縆	kɯːŋ, kɯːŋs
絙	ɡoːn, kɯːŋ
亙	*kɯːŋs
堩	*kɯːŋs
恆	*ɡɯːŋ
峘	ɡoːn, ɡɯːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 二 + 月 (“moon”).

Possibly also the original form of 恆.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gèn, gèng (gen⁴, geng⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄣˋ, ㄍㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gang²
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gyng⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng / khèng / khiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): geng³ / gêng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gèn
  - Wade–Giles: kên⁴
  - Yale: gèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genn
  - Palladius: гэнь (gɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gèng
  - Wade–Giles: kêng⁴
  - Yale: gèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genq
  - Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gang²
  - Yale: gáng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gang²
  - Guangdong Romanization: geng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ³⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gyng⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khèng
  - Tâi-lô: khìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qexng
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɪŋ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɪŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàn
  - Tâi-lô: khiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiexn
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: geng³ / gêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ̀ng / kèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ²¹³/, /keŋ²¹³/

Note:

geng3 - Chaozhou;
gêng3 - Chaozhou, Jieyang.

Middle Chinese: kongH

Rime
Character	亙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古鄧切
Baxter	kongH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kəŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kəŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kəŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kəŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤəŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gèn
Middle Chinese	‹ kong^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁəŋ-s/
English	continuous; constant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亙
Reading #	1/1
No.	5122
Phonetic component	亙
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亘
Old Chinese	/*kɯːŋs/
Notes	原作亙雲出方言，方言作緪。通行作此字，見漢賦，近甲文與說文㮓古文，中本象上弦月

Definitions

亙

(of space or time) to extend all the way; to stretch
(mathematics or physics) dimension
- 亘，dimension。舊譯作度，近或作量，按英文原名謂之一方向之長短也。故線之 dimension 有一，曰自左至右，即長也；面之 dimension 有二，曰自上至下、自左至右即長、寬也；體之 dimension 有三，曰自上至下、自左至右、自前至後即長、寬、厚也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  亘，dimension。旧译作度，近或作量，按英文原名谓之一方向之长短也。故线之 dimension 有一，曰自左至右，即长也；面之 dimension 有二，曰自上至下、自左至右即长、宽也；体之 dimension 有三，曰自上至下、自左至右、自前至后即长、宽、厚也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  Gèn, dimension. Jiù yìzuò Dù, jìn huòzuò Liàng, àn yīngwén yuánmíng wèi zhī yī fāngxiàng zhī chángduǎn yě. Gù xiàn zhī dimension yǒu yī, yuē zì zuǒ zhì yòu, jí cháng yě; miàn zhī dimension yǒu èr, yuē zì shàng zhì xià, zì zuǒ zhì yòu jí cháng, kuān yě; tǐ zhī dimension yǒu sān, yuē zì shàng zhì xià, zì zuǒ zhì yòu, zì qián zhì hòu jí cháng, kuān, hòu yě. [Pinyin]
  Dimension is the length of one direction. A line has one dimension, namely length; a plane has two, namely length and width; a volume has three, namely length, width, and height.
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) continuous; complete
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) completely; thoroughly
a surname

Compounds

亙久 / 亘久
亙代 / 亘代
亙古 / 亘古 (gèngǔ)
亙古亙今 / 亘古亘今
亙古未有 / 亘古未有 (gèngǔwèiyǒu)
亙地 / 亘地 (gèndì)
亙天 / 亘天
亙屏 / 亘屏
亙帶 / 亘带
亙年 / 亘年
亙歷 / 亘历
亙絕 / 亘绝
亙舒 / 亘舒
亙連 / 亘连
亙隔 / 亘隔
修亙 / 修亘
包亙 / 包亘
周亙 / 周亘
層亙 / 层亘
崇亙 / 崇亘
延亙 / 延亘
彌亙 / 弥亘
彌天亙地 / 弥天亘地 (mítiāngèndì)
彌山亙野 / 弥山亘野
懸亙 / 悬亘
橫亙 / 横亘 (hénggèn)
沈亙
盤亙 / 盘亘
經亙 / 经亘
綿亙 / 绵亘 (miángèn)
聯亙 / 联亘
蟠亙 / 蟠亘
追亙 / 追亘
連亙 / 连亘 (liángèn)
遐亙 / 遐亘
邪亙 / 邪亘
雲亙 / 云亘

References

“亙”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
“亙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “亘”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 75.

Japanese

Kanji

亙

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

to request

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kun: わたる (wataru, 亙る)、わたり (watari, 亙り)

Korean

Hanja

亙 (eum 긍 (geung))

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Vietnamese

Han character

亙: Hán Nôm readings: cẳng, cắng, cứng, gắng, hẵng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation