乞食

Chinese

beg
eat; food; to feed
eat; food; to feed; animal feed
 
trad. (乞食) 乞 食
simp. #(乞食) 乞 食

Pronunciation

Note: kêg4 ziah8 - Jieyang.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: kieg4 jia6
      • Sinological IPA: /kʰiek̚⁵ t͡sia³³/

Verb

乞⫽食 (verb-object) (intransitive)

  1. (literary or Cantonese) to beg for food
    由於遊客投餵過多，園內棕熊已觀察到乞食行為。 [MSC, trad.]
    由于游客投喂过多，园内棕熊已观察到乞食行为。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yóuyú yóukè tóuwèi guòduō, yuán nèi zōngxióng yǐ guānchá dào qǐshí xíngwéi. [Pinyin]
    Due to excessive feeding by guests, brown bears in the zoo have been observed begging for food.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 要飯 (“to beg for food”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 乞食
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 討飯, 要飯
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 要飯
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 要飯
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 討米
Cantonese Guangzhou 乞食
Hong Kong 乞食
Taishan 乞米
Kaiping (Chikan) 乞米
Gan Nanchang 討飯
Hakka Meixian 討食
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 乞食, 討食
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 乞食, 討食
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 乞食, 討食
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 乞食, 討食
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 乞食, 討食
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 乞食, 討食
Huizhou Jixi 討飯
Eastern Min Fuzhou 討食
Southern Min Xiamen 討食
Quanzhou 討食
Zhangzhou 討食
Jieyang 討食
Leizhou 討米
Wu Shanghai 討飯
Wenzhou 討飯, 搝米
Jinhua 討飯
Xiang Changsha 討米
Loudi 討米

Derived terms

  • 乞食飯牛 / 乞食饭牛
  • 忠忠直直，終需乞食 / 忠忠直直，终需乞食

Noun

乞食

  1. (dialectal Hakka, Min) beggar

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 乞丐 (“beggar”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 乞人, 乞丐, 乞兒, 丐者, 丐
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 乞丐
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 要飯的, 要飯兒的, 老花子, 叫花子, 看街的, 抱火盆兒的
Taiwan 乞丐
Langfang 要飯的
Ulanhot 要飯的, 要飯花子
Tongliao 要飯的
Chifeng 要飯的
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 要飯的
Harbin 叫花子, 要飯花子
Singapore 乞丐
Jilu Mandarin Tangshan 花子
Cangzhou 要飯的
Baoding 要飯的
Shijiazhuang 要飯的
Jinan 要飯的, 叫花子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 要飯兒的, 叫花子, 要飯的, 花子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 叫花子, 要飯吃的, 靠門傍子
Daming 要飯吃哩
Wanrong 要飯的, 尋饃的
Zhengzhou 要飯哩
Xi'an 要飯的, 叫花子
Xining 尋口, 要饃饃的
Yanqi 要乜貼
Xuzhou 要飯的
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 抄花子, 討吃, 要乜貼的, 要的吃的
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 討吃, 薩衣爾, 薩衣, 要乜貼的
Bayanhot 討吃, 要飯的
Lanzhou 要飯的, 要要吃
Ürümqi 要飯的
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 叫花子, 討口子
Wuhan 告花子, 花子, 討飯的, 要飯的, 乞丐, 討米的, 睡門樓的
Guiyang 叫化子
Kunming 花子, 叫花子, 要飯的
Liuzhou 討飯佬, 叫化子, 叫化
Dagudi (Maliba) 叫花子
Reshuitang (Longling) 要飯人
Mae Salong (Lancang) 叫花子, 討飯人
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 要飯的, 叫花子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 花子, 要飯花子, 要飯的
Yangzhou 花子, 要飯花子, 要飯的, 告花子
Xinghua 花子, 要飯的, 討飯的
Nantong 告花子, 討飯子
Hefei 要飯的, 叫花子
Huanggang 告殼子
Mandarin Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 化子
Nanping (Yanping) 叫化子
Cantonese Guangzhou 乞兒
Hong Kong 乞兒
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 乞兒
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 乞兒, 乞兒佬
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 攞食佬
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 攞食佬
Macau 乞兒
Guangzhou (Panyu) 乞兒
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 乞兒
Guangzhou (Conghua) 乞兒
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 乞食佬 male, 乞食婆 female, 乞食仔 young
Foshan 乞兒
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 乞兒
Foshan (Shunde) 乞兒
Foshan (Sanshui) 乞兒
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 乞兒
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 乞兒
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 乞兒
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 乞兒
Zhuhai (Doumen) 乞耳
Jiangmen (Baisha) 乞兒
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 乞兒
Taishan 乞米仔
Kaiping (Chikan) 乞米仔
Enping (Niujiang) 乞米仔
Heshan (Yayao) 乞兒
Dongguan 乞食佬 male, 乞食婆 female, 乞食仔 young
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 乞兒
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 攞食佬
Qingyuan 乞兒
Fogang 乞兒
Yingde (Hanguang) 架化佬
Yangshan 乞吃佬
Lianshan (Butian) 狗化佬
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 叫化佬
Shaoguan 乞兒
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 乞兒
Renhua 乞兒, 乞兒佬
Lechang 乞兒
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 乞兒
Sihui 乞兒佬
Guangning 乞兒
Deqing 乞兒
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 乞吃
Yunfu 乞兒
Xinxing 乞兒
Luoding 乞兒
Yunan (Pingtai) 乞兒
Yangjiang 乞兒, 乞米佬 male, 乞米婆 female
Xinyi 乞兒
Maoming (Xinpo) 乞兒
Lianjiang 乞兒
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 乞兒, 乞兒佬 male, 乞兒婆 female
Nanning 乞兒
Hepu (Lianzhou) 覓吃佬
Beihai 乞食佬
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 乞兒
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 乞兒
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 乞兒
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 乞兒
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 乞兒
Móng Cái 乞兒
Gan Nanchang 告化子, 討飯個
Pengze 討飯個
Lichuan 告化子, 乞兒
Pingxiang 告化子, 花子, 討米個
Hakka Meixian 告化仔, 討食個
Xingning 告化哩
Fengshun (Liuhuang) 乞食
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 攞食, 攞食佬 male, 攞食婆 female, 攞食仔 young
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) 攞食佬
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) 攞食
Huiyang 攞食
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) 攞食仔
Huidong (Daling) 攞食
Dongguan (Qingxi) 攞食佬 male, 攞食婆 female, 攞食仔 young
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) 乞食佬, 攞食
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 攞食佬
Boluo (Bendihua) 攞食伊, 攞食佬
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 攞食佬 male, 攞食婆 female, 攞食仔 young
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 乞兒
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 酌食哩, 乞丐
Wuhua (Huacheng) 告化哩, 酌食個, 絡食個
Wuhua (Changbu) 告化哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 絡食哩
Wuhua (Meilin) 絡食哩
Heyuan (Bendihua) 攞食的, 攞食
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) 攞食佬
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 告化佬
Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) 攞食哎
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 告化
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) 攞食
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 叫化
Wengyuan 討食佬
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 告化子
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) 叫化
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) 攞食佬
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 狗化公
Liannan 攞食佬
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 攞食佬
Jiexi 乞食
Luhe 乞食
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 乞食
Changting 告化子, 告化
Wuping 告化
Wuping (Yanqian) 討食告化
Wuping (Pingyu) 告化
Ninghua 乞食
Yudu 告化子
Ningdu 教化
Ruijin 告化
Shicheng 告化
Shangyou (Shexi) 告化子
Tonggu (Sandu) 教化子
Ganzhou (Panlong) 教化子
Dayu 討飯佬
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 乞食仔, 乞食
Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) 乞食
Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) 乞食
Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) 乞食仔
Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) 乞食仔
Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) 乞食仔
Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) 乞食仔, 討食
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 乞食仔
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 乞食
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 打幫食, 乞食仔, 教化仔, 打幫仔
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 討食, 乞食
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 討食仔
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 討食仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 乞食仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 乞食, 仙人
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 乞食仔, 乞食
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 乞食
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 乞食
Hong Kong 攞食佬, 乞兒
Yangxi (Tangkou) 丐米佬
Yangchun (Sanjia) 丐食
Xinyi (Sihe) 乞兒
Xinyi (Qianpai) 乞兒
Gaozhou (Xindong) 乞兒佬
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 乞食佬
Huazhou (Xin'an) 乞兒
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 乞食佬
Lianjiang (Qingping) 乞食佬
Mengshan (Xihe) 乞兒
Luchuan 乞食佬
Sabah (Longchuan) 攞食佬
Senai (Huiyang) 攞食佬
Singkawang 乞食
Huizhou Jixi 討飯仂, 討飯佬 humorous, 討飯鬼 derogatory, 討飯骨 derogatory, 討飯婆 woman
Shexian 討飯唉
Huangshan (Tunxi) 丐食, 討飯個
Xiuning 丐食, 討飯仂
Yixian 討飯漢
Qimen 討飯個
Wuyuan 討飯個, 討飯仂
Jin Taiyuan 討吃吃, 討吃子, 要飯的, 叫花子
Pingyao 叫花子
Xinzhou 討吃子, 要窩窩哩
Taibus (Baochang) 要飯的
Linhe 討吃子
Jining 討吃子
Hohhot 討吃子
Baotou 討吃子
Dongsheng 討吃子
Haibowan 討吃子
Zhangjiakou 乞丐
Handan 要飯哩
Northern Min Jian'ou 化食
Jian'ou (Dikou) 化食
Songxi 化食
Zhenghe 化食
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 化食
Jianyang 化食
Wuyishan 討飯
Pucheng (Shibei) 化食
Eastern Min Fuzhou 乞食
Fuzhou (Changle) 乞食
Fuqing 乞食
Yongtai 乞食
Gutian 乞食
Pingnan 乞食
Fu'an 乞食
Ningde 乞食
Shouning 乞食
Zhouning 乞食
Fuding 乞食
Matsu 乞食
Southern Min Xiamen 乞食
Xiamen (Tong'an) 乞食
Quanzhou 乞食
Jinjiang 乞食, 分米的, 分食的, 乞食婆 female
Hui'an 乞食
Yongchun 乞食
Zhangzhou 乞食
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 乞食
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 乞食
Zhangpu 乞食
Zhao'an 乞食
Dongshan 乞食
Taipei 乞食
New Taipei (Sanxia) 乞食
Kaohsiung 乞食
Yilan 乞食
Changhua (Lukang) 乞食
Taichung 乞食
Tainan 乞食
Hsinchu 乞食
Kinmen 乞食
Penghu (Magong) 乞食
Penang (Hokkien) 乞食, 乞食仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 乞食
Manila (Hokkien) 乞食
Longyan 乞食
Zhangping 乞食
Zhangping (Yongfu) 乞食
Datian 乞食
Pingnan (Shangdu) 乞兒
Pingnan (Sijie) 乞食囝, 乞食佬
Pingle (Zhoutang) 乞食, 乞食佬
Lechang (Tatou) 討食佬
Yingde (Yuzui) 乞食
Yunan (Liantan) 乞食
Chaozhou 乞食
Shantou 乞食
Shantou (Chenghai) 乞食
Jieyang 乞食
Haifeng 乞食
Fengshun (Liuhuang) 乞食
Bangkok (Teochew) 乞食
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 乞食
Leizhou 乞食
Wenchang 乞達
Haikou 乞達
Qionghai 乞達
Puxian Min Putian 乞食
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 乞食
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 乞食
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 乞食
Xianyou 乞食
Xianyou (Fengting) 乞食
Xianyou (Youyang) 乞食
Fuding (Aoyao) 乞食
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 乞兒
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 乞兒
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 救化子, 乞兒
Wu Shanghai 告花子, 癟三
Shanghai (Chongming) 掛花子
Suzhou 告花子, 癟三
Danyang 告花子, 告花嫚嫚
Hangzhou 叫花子, 討飯子
Ningbo 告花子, 討飯
Wenzhou 丐兒, 討飯丐兒, 討飯人, 取米丐兒, 取米個
Jinhua 討飯, 討飯婆 woman
Jinhua (Tangxi) 討飯老丐兒
Xiang Changsha 告化子, 討飯的
Xiangtan 告化子
Loudi 叫化子, 叫化
Shuangfeng 告化子
Hengyang 告花子
Quanzhou 乞丐

Derived terms

References

  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “864 乞丐”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 376.

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
乞 食
こ
Grade: S 		じき
Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Shift from kotsujiki below.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

乞(こ)食(じき) • (kojiki) ←こじき (koziki)?

  1. (derogatory) beggar
Derived terms
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)根(こん)性(じょう) (kojiki konjō)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)芝(しば)居(い) (kojiki shibai)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)袋(ぶくろ) (kojiki-bukuro)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)坊(ぼう)主(ず) (kojiki bōzu)
  • 乞(こ)食(じ)く (kojiku)
Idioms
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)が馬(うま)を貰(もら)う (kojiki ga uma o morau)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)が米(こめ)を零(こぼ)したよう (kojiki ga kome o koboshita yō)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)に氏(うじ)無(な)し (kojiki ni uji nashi)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)に朱(しゅ)椀(わん) (kojiki ni shuwan)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)に貧(びん)乏(ぼう)無(な)し (kojiki ni binbō nashi)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)にも門(かど)出(で) (kojiki ni mo kadode)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)の朝(あさ)謡(うたい) (kojiki no asautai)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)の系(けい)図(ず)話(ばなし) (kojiki no keizu banashi)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)の断(だん)食(じき) (kojiki no danjiki)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)の嫁(よめ)入(い)り (kojiki no yomeiri)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)も身(み)祝(いわ)い (kojiki mo mīwai)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)も三(みっ)日(か)すれば忘(わす)れられぬ (kojiki mo mikka sureba wasurerarenu)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)も身(み)づくろい (kojiki mo mizukuroi)
  • 慌(あわ)てる乞(こ)食(じき)は貰(もら)いが少(すく)ない (awateru kojiki wa morai ga sukunai, “slow and steady wins the race”, literally “the impatient beggar receives little”).

Verb

乞(こ)食(じき)する • (kojiki suru) ←こじき (koziki)?intransitive suru (stem 乞(こ)食(じき)し (kojiki shi), past 乞(こ)食(じき)した (kojiki shita))

  1. to go begging
Conjugation
Conjugation of "乞食する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 乞食し こじきし kojiki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 乞食し こじきし kojiki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 乞食する こじきする kojiki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 乞食する こじきする kojiki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 乞食すれ こじきすれ kojiki sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 乞食せよ¹
乞食しろ² 		こじきせよ¹
こじきしろ² 		kojiki seyo¹
kojiki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 乞食される こじきされる kojiki sareru
Causative 乞食させる
乞食さす 		こじきさせる
こじきさす 		kojiki saseru
kojiki sasu
Potential 乞食できる こじきできる kojiki dekiru
Volitional 乞食しよう こじきしよう kojiki shiyō
Negative 乞食しない こじきしない kojiki shinai
Negative continuative 乞食せず こじきせず kojiki sezu
Formal 乞食します こじきします kojiki shimasu
Perfective 乞食した こじきした kojiki shita
Conjunctive 乞食して こじきして kojiki shite
Hypothetical conditional 乞食すれば こじきすれば kojiki sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
乞 食
こつ
Grade: S 		じき
Grade: 2
kan'yōon goon

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) こつじき [kòtsújíkí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞t͡sɨʑikʲi]

Noun

乞(こつ)食(じき) • (kotsujiki) ←こつじき (kotuziki)?

  1. (archaic) religious mendicancy
    Synonyms: 托鉢 (takuhatsu), 頭陀 (zuda), 行乞 (gyōkotsu)
  2. (archaic) Same as こじき above.
Derived terms
  • 乞(こつ)食(じき)調(ちょう) (kotsujikichō)
  • 乞(こつ)食(じき)法(ほう)師(し) (kotsujiki hōshi)
  • 乞(こつ)食(じき)坊(ぼう)主(ず) (kotsujiki bōzu)

Verb

乞(こつ)食(じき)する • (kotsujiki suru) ←こつじき (kotuziki)?intransitive suru (stem 乞(こつ)食(じき)し (kotsujiki shi), past 乞(こつ)食(じき)した (kotsujiki shita))

  1. (archaic) to beg as a religious mendicant
    Synonym: 托鉢する (takuhatsu suru)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "乞食する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 乞食し こつじきし kotsujiki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 乞食し こつじきし kotsujiki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 乞食する こつじきする kotsujiki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 乞食する こつじきする kotsujiki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 乞食すれ こつじきすれ kotsujiki sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 乞食せよ¹
乞食しろ² 		こつじきせよ¹
こつじきしろ² 		kotsujiki seyo¹
kotsujiki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 乞食される こつじきされる kotsujiki sareru
Causative 乞食させる
乞食さす 		こつじきさせる
こつじきさす 		kotsujiki saseru
kotsujiki sasu
Potential 乞食できる こつじきできる kotsujiki dekiru
Volitional 乞食しよう こつじきしよう kotsujiki shiyō
Negative 乞食しない こつじきしない kotsujiki shinai
Negative continuative 乞食せず こつじきせず kotsujiki sezu
Formal 乞食します こつじきします kotsujiki shimasu
Perfective 乞食した こつじきした kotsujiki shita
Conjunctive 乞食して こつじきして kotsujiki shite
Hypothetical conditional 乞食すれば こつじきすれば kotsujiki sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
乞 食
かたい
Grade: S Grade: 2
jukujikun
For pronunciation and definitions of 乞食 – see the following entry.
【乞丐かたい】
[noun] beggar
[noun] (derogatory) idiot, fool
[noun] (archaic) leprosy
[noun] (archaic) leper
Alternative spelling
傍居
(This term, 乞食, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
乞食

Noun

乞食 • (geolsik) (hangeul 걸식)

  1. hanja form? of 걸식
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