もどかしい
Japanese
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 擬かしい 擬しい (less common) |
Etymology
From the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 擬し (modokashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. In turn, derived from verb 擬く (modoku, “to imitate, to mimic; to oppose, to criticize, to censure”).[1][2][3]
Cited to the 宇津保物語 (Utsubo Monogatari) of the late 900s.[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
もどかしい • (modokashii) -i (adverbial もどかしく (modokashiku))
- (said of something else causing the sensation) irritating, frustrating, due to not turning out as expected
- (said of a person experiencing the sensation) impatient
- slow (of movement, causing others to feel impatient)
- Synonym: 鈍い (noroi)
- worthy of criticism, displeasing
- Synonyms: 気に入らない (ki ni iranai), 気に食わない (ki ni kuwanai)
Inflection
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | もどかしかろ | modokashikaro | |
| Continuative (連用形) | もどかしく | modokashiku | |
| Terminal (終止形) | もどかしい | modokashii | |
| Attributive (連体形) | もどかしい | modokashii | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | もどかしけれ | modokashikere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | もどかしかれ | modokashikare | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | もどかしくない | modokashiku nai | |
| Informal past | もどかしかった | modokashikatta | |
| Informal negative past | もどかしくなかった | modokashiku nakatta | |
| Formal | もどかしいです | modokashii desu | |
| Formal negative | もどかしくないです | modokashiku nai desu | |
| Formal past | もどかしかったです | modokashikatta desu | |
| Formal negative past | もどかしくなかったです | modokashiku nakatta desu | |
| Conjunctive | もどかしくて | modokashikute | |
| Conditional | もどかしければ | modokashikereba | |
| Provisional | もどかしかったら | modokashikattara | |
| Volitional | もどかしかろう | modokashikarō | |
| Adverbial | もどかしく | modokashiku | |
| Degree | もどかしさ | modokashisa | |
See also
- 擬く (modoku)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN