なふ

Japanese

Alternative forms

(modern reflex) なう (-nau, verb, godan inflection)

Suffix

なふ • (-nafu) ^†yodan

(non-productive) verb-forming suffix attached to nouns (generally for native Japanese words)
友(とも) (tomo, “companion”) → 伴(ともな)ふ (tomonafu, “to accompany”) → modern 伴(ともな)う (tomonau)

宜(うべ) (ube, “indeed”) → 諾(うべな)ふ (ubenafu, “to affirm; to agree, to accept”) → modern 諾(うべな)う (ubenau)

裏(うら) (ura, “inside” or “inner feelings”) → 占(うらな)ふ (uranafu, “to divine”) → modern 占(うらな)う (uranau)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "なふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	なは		nafa
Continuative (連用形)	なひ		nafi
Terminal (終止形)	なふ		nafu
Attributive (連体形)	なふ		nafu
Realis (已然形)	なへ		nafe
Imperative (命令形)	なへ		nafe
Key constructions
Negative	なはず		nafazu
Contrasting conjunction	なへど		nafedo
Causal conjunction	なへば		nafeba
Conditional conjunction	なはば		nafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	なひき		nafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	なひけり		nafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	なひつ		nafitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	なひぬ		nafinu
Perfect-continuative tense	なへりなひたり		naferi nafitari
Volitional	なはむ		nafamu

Synonyms

す (su, “to do”) (verb-forming suffix for nouns, primarily for Sino-Japanese words)

Derived terms

商(あきな)う (akinau, “to trade”)
和(あまな)う (amanau, “to content oneself with”)
誘(いざな)う (izanau, “to invite”)
うごなわる (ugonawaru, “to gather”)
諾(うべな)う (ubenau, “to agree”)
占(うらな)う (uranau, “to divine”)
訪(おとな)う (otonau, “to visit”)
音(おと)なう (otonau, “to make a sound”)
罪(つみ)なう (tsuminau, “to punish”)
伴(ともな)う (tomonau, “to accompany”)
担(にな)う (ninau, “to bear”)
呪(まじな)う (majinau, “to pray that one avoids disaster”)