じゃん拳
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 拳 |
| けん Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
Etymology
There were various similar games originating in China that were played with the fist (拳, Japanese reading of ken). Possible derivations of janken include a shift from the Chinese pronunciation of 兩拳 / 两拳 (literally “both fists, two fists”),[1][2] perhaps the Min Nan reading liáng kûn, or a shift from 石拳 (shakken, literally “stone fist”), suggested also by the game's alternative name of 石拳 (ishiken, using the kun'yomi of ishi for the 石 character).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) じゃんけん [jàńkéꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])[3][4][5]
- (Tokyo) じゃんけん [jàńkéń] (Heiban – [0])[3][4][5]
- (Tokyo) じゃんけん [jáꜜǹkèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[5]
- IPA(key): [d͡ʑã̠ŋkẽ̞ɴ]
Noun
じゃん拳 • (janken)
- rock paper scissors (popular children's game)
Synonyms
Derived terms
- じゃんけんしょうぎ (jankenshōgi)
See also
- グー (gū, “rock”, in a game of rock, paper, scissors)
- チョキ (choki, “scissors”, in a game of rock, paper, scissors)
- パー (pā, “paper”, in a game of rock, paper, scissors)
Verb
じゃん拳する • (janken suru) suru (stem じゃん拳し (janken shi), past じゃん拳した (janken shita))
- to play rock paper scissors (popular child's game)
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | じゃん拳し | じゃんけんし | janken shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | じゃん拳し | じゃんけんし | janken shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | じゃん拳する | じゃんけんする | janken suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | じゃん拳する | じゃんけんする | janken suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | じゃん拳すれ | じゃんけんすれ | janken sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | じゃん拳せよ¹ じゃん拳しろ² |
じゃんけんせよ¹ じゃんけんしろ² |
janken seyo¹ janken shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | じゃん拳される | じゃんけんされる | janken sareru |
| Causative | じゃん拳させる じゃん拳さす |
じゃんけんさせる じゃんけんさす |
janken saseru janken sasu |
| Potential | じゃん拳できる | じゃんけんできる | janken dekiru |
| Volitional | じゃん拳しよう | じゃんけんしよう | janken shiyō |
| Negative | じゃん拳しない | じゃんけんしない | janken shinai |
| Negative continuative | じゃん拳せず | じゃんけんせず | janken sezu |
| Formal | じゃん拳します | じゃんけんします | janken shimasu |
| Perfective | じゃん拳した | じゃんけんした | janken shita |
| Conjunctive | じゃん拳して | じゃんけんして | janken shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | じゃん拳すれば | じゃんけんすれば | janken sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
Descendants
- English: janken
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN