しまう

Japanese

Alternative spellings
仕舞う
終う (rare)
了う (rare)

Etymology 1

From root shim-, cognate with classical verb 締む (shimu, “to fasten, tighten”) and modern verb 閉まる (shimaru, “to be closed”) +‎ ふ (fu, auxiliary verb indicating repetition or ongoing action).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) しまう [shìmáú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕima̠ɯ̟]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of しまう
Plain しまう しまう [shìmáú]
Conjunctive しまって しまって [shìmátté]
Perfective しまった しまった [shìmáttá]
Negative しまわない しまわない [shìmáwánáí]
Negative perfective しまわなかった しまわなかった [shìmáwánáꜜkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional しまえば しまえば [shìmáéꜜbà]
Past conditional しまったら しまったら [shìmáttáꜜrà]
Imperative しまえ しまえ [shìmáé]
Volitional しまおう しまおー [shìmáóꜜò]
Desiderative しまいたい しまいたい [shìmáítáí]
Formal しまいます しまいます [shìmáímáꜜsù]
Formal negative しまいません しまいません [shìmáímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional しまいましょう しまいましょー [shìmáímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective しまいました しまいました [shìmáímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative しまい
しまいに 		しまい
しまいに 		[shìmáí]
[shìmáí ní]
Negative continuative しまわず
しまわずに 		しまわず
しまわずに 		[shìmáwázú]
[shìmáwázú ní]
Passive しまわれる しまわれる [shìmáwárérú]
Causative しまわせる
しまわす 		しまわせる
しまわす 		[shìmáwásérú]
[shìmáwású]
Potential しまえる しまえる [shìmáérú]

Verb

しまう • (shimau) ←しまふ (simafu)?godan (stem しまい (shimai), past しまった (shimatta))

  1. to close
  2. to finish, do something completely
  3. to put away, to put an end to
  4. (auxiliary) after the conjunctive て (-te) form of a verb:
    1. is, or was (with conjugation), done completely
    2. happens, or happened, unexpectedly
      彼(かの)女(じょ)は大(おお)阪(さか)に行(い)ってしまいました。 ― Kanojo wa Ōsaka ni itte shimaimashita. ― She just (up and) went to Osaka.
    3. is done with difficulty
    4. happens, or is done with regret afterward; end up
      あなたは笑(わら)われてしまうでしょう。 ― anata wa warawarete shimau deshō. ― You will be laughed at (and you won't like it).
Usage notes
  • Usually written in hiragana.
  • The auxiliary use is always appended to the conjunctive (-te form) of a verb.
  • てしまう (-te shimau) and でしまう (-de shimau) can be contracted to ちゃう (-chau) and ぢゃう (-jau). These two forms conjugate like godan verbs and are often used in casual speech.
    忘(わす)れちゃった！ ― wasurechatta! ― I forgot!
  • There are also ちまう (-chimau) and ぢまう (-jimau), which sound old-fashioned.
    風船(ふうせん)が飛(と)んぢまった！ ― fūsen ga tonjimatta! ― The balloon blew away!
  • Due to changes in spelling rules during the 20th century, the voiced versions ぢゃう (-jau) and ぢまう (-jimau) may be more commonly encountered as じゃう (-jau) and じまう (-jimau).
  • In the Kansai dialect, the contractions てまう (-temau) and でまう (-demau) are used, rather than the more standard or Kantō dialect contractions above.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "しまう" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") しまわ shimawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") しまい shimai
Shūshikei ("terminal") しまう shimau
Rentaikei ("attributive") しまう shimau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") しまえ shimae
Meireikei ("imperative") しまえ shimae
Key constructions
Passive しまわれる shimawareru
Causative しまわせる
しまわす 		shimawaseru
shimawasu
Potential しまえる shimaeru
Volitional しまおう shimaō
Negative しまわない shimawanai
Negative continuative しまわず shimawazu
Formal しまいます shimaimasu
Perfective しまった shimatta
Conjunctive しまって shimatte
Hypothetical conditional しまえば shimaeba
Classical conjugation of "しまふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) しまは simafa
Continuative (連用形) しまひ simafi
Terminal (終止形) しまふ simafu
Attributive (連体形) しまふ simafu
Realis (已然形) しまへ simafe
Imperative (命令形) しまへ simafe
Key constructions
Negative しまはず simafazu
Contrasting conjunction しまへど simafedo
Causal conjunction しまへば simafeba
Conditional conjunction しまはば simafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) しまひき simafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) しまひけり simafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) しまひつ simafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) しまひぬ simafinu
Perfect-continuative tense しまへり
しまひたり		 simaferi
simafitari
Volitional しまはむ simafamu
Derived terms

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of しまう – see the following entries.
【鷙猛しもう】
[adjective] (rare) fierce; cruel; violent
(This term, しまう (simau), is a historical kana spelling of the above term.)

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 四孟.)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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