こごえる

Japanese

Alternative spelling
凍える

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こごえる [kògóérú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) こごえる [kògóéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ɡo̞e̞ɾɯ̟]

Verb

こごえる • (kogoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem こごえ (kogoe), past こごえた (kogoeta))

to freeze, to be cold
- 1977, “津(つ)軽(がる)海(かい)峡(きょう)・冬(ふゆ)景(げ)色(しき) (Tsugaru Kaikyō Fuyugeshiki) [Tsugaru Strait Winter Scenery]”, 阿(あ)久(く)悠(ゆう) (Aku Yū) [Yū Aku] (lyrics), performed by 石(いし)川(かわ)さゆり (Ishikawa Sayuri) [Sayuri Ishikawa]:
  
  こごえそうな鴎(かもめ)見(み)つめ泣(な)いていました
  kogoesō na kamome mitsume naiteimashita
  Gazing at the seagulls flying in the freezing cold (literally, “who seemed like they might freeze”), I cried

Usage notes

凍(こご)える (kogoeru) is often used for body parts (of living organisms) to freeze, while 凍(こお)る (kōru) is often used for objects (e.g. water freezes).

Conjugation

Conjugation of "こごえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	こごえ	kogoe
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	こごえ	kogoe
Shūshikei ("terminal")	こごえる	kogoeru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	こごえる	kogoeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	こごえれ	kogoere
Meireikei ("imperative")	こごえよ¹ こごえろ²	kogoeyo¹ kogoero²
Key constructions
Passive	こごえられる	kogoerareru
Causative	こごえさせるこごえさす	kogoesaseru kogoesasu
Potential	こごえられるこごえれる³	kogoerareru kogoereru³
Volitional	こごえよう	kogoeyō
Negative	こごえないこごえぬこごえん	kogoenai kogoenu kogoen
Negative continuative	こごえず	kogoezu
Formal	こごえます	kogoemasu
Perfective	こごえた	kogoeta
Conjunctive	こごえて	kogoete
Hypothetical conditional	こごえれば	kogoereba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]