ἰσχύω

See also: ισχύω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ῐ̓σχῡ́ς (ĭskhū́s, “strength”) +‎ -ω (-ō).

Pronunciation

(Attic, etc.):

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /is.kʰy̌ː.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /isˈkʰy.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /isˈçy.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /isˈçy.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /isˈçi.o/

(later poetic):

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /is.kʰý.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /isˈkʰy.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /isˈçy.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /isˈçy.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /isˈçi.o/

Verb

ῐ̓σχῡ̆́ω • (ĭskhū̆́ō)

to be physically strong
- c. 450 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 234
- c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.1.24
- c. 445 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 502
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.7.7
- 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Murder of Herodes 93
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 357
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.4.18
to be mighty or powerful; to prevail
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 510
- 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 1188
- 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1607
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Psalms 12.4
- c. 130 BCE, 1 Maccabees 10.49
- 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 903
- 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.46
- 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Second Olynthiac 9
- 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.143
- 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.13
- 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.47
- 343 BCE, Aeschines, On the Embassy 2
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Nausimachus and Xenopeithes 20
1. (not of persons) to prevail
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 621
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus Rex 356
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Pantaenetus 59
  - 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 241
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristogiton 1 71
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1280A.28
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Accession of Alexander 9
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Chronicles 2.6
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pompey 58
  - 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 14.2.28
  - 65 CE – 70 CE, The Gospel of Mark 5:4
  - 40 CE – 115 CE, Dio Chrysostom, Collected Works 33.22
to be worth
- 93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 14.7.1
- 90 CE – 168 CE, Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos 134
- 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 5.26.13

Conjugation

Present: ῐ̓σχῡ́ω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓σχῡ́ω	ῐ̓σχῡ́εις	ῐ̓σχῡ́ει	ῐ̓σχῡ́ετον	ῐ̓σχῡ́ετον	ῐ̓σχῡ́ομεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́ετε	ῐ̓σχῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῐ̓σχῡ́ω	ῐ̓σχῡ́ῃς	ῐ̓σχῡ́ῃ	ῐ̓σχῡ́ητον	ῐ̓σχῡ́ητον	ῐ̓σχῡ́ωμεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́ητε	ῐ̓σχῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῐ̓σχῡ́οιμῐ	ῐ̓σχῡ́οις	ῐ̓σχῡ́οι	ῐ̓σχῡ́οιτον	ῐ̓σχῡοίτην	ῐ̓σχῡ́οιμεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́οιτε	ῐ̓σχῡ́οιεν
	imperative		ῐ̓́σχῡε	ῐ̓σχῡέτω	ῐ̓σχῡ́ετον	ῐ̓σχῡέτων		ῐ̓σχῡ́ετε	ῐ̓σχῡόντων
		active
infinitive		ῐ̓σχῡ́ειν
participle	m	ῐ̓σχῡ́ων
	f	ῐ̓σχῡ́ουσᾰ
	n	ῐ̓σχῦον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ῐ̓σχῠ́ω (later poetic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓σχῠ́ω	ῐ̓σχῠ́εις	ῐ̓σχῠ́ει	ῐ̓σχῠ́ετον	ῐ̓σχῠ́ετον	ῐ̓σχῠ́ομεν	ῐ̓σχῠ́ετε	ῐ̓σχῠ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῐ̓σχῠ́ω	ῐ̓σχῠ́ῃς	ῐ̓σχῠ́ῃ	ῐ̓σχῠ́ητον	ῐ̓σχῠ́ητον	ῐ̓σχῠ́ωμεν	ῐ̓σχῠ́ητε	ῐ̓σχῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῐ̓σχῠ́οιμῐ	ῐ̓σχῠ́οις	ῐ̓σχῠ́οι	ῐ̓σχῠ́οιτον	ῐ̓σχῠοίτην	ῐ̓σχῠ́οιμεν	ῐ̓σχῠ́οιτε	ῐ̓σχῠ́οιεν
	imperative		ῐ̓́σχῠε	ῐ̓σχῠέτω	ῐ̓σχῠ́ετον	ῐ̓σχῠέτων		ῐ̓σχῠ́ετε	ῐ̓σχῠόντων
		active
infinitive		ῐ̓σχῠ́ειν
participle	m	ῐ̓σχῠ́ων
	f	ῐ̓σχῠ́ουσᾰ
	n	ῐ̓σχῠ́ον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ῐ̓́σχῡον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓́σχῡον	ῐ̓́σχῡες	ῐ̓́σχῡε(ν)	ῐ̓σχῡ́ετον	ῐ̓σχῡέτην	ῐ̓σχῡ́ομεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́ετε	ῐ̓́σχῡον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ῐ̓́σχῠον (later poetic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓́σχῠον	ῐ̓́σχῠες	ῐ̓́σχῠε(ν)	ῐ̓σχῠ́ετον	ῐ̓σχῠέτην	ῐ̓σχῠ́ομεν	ῐ̓σχῠ́ετε	ῐ̓́σχῠον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῐ̓σχῡ́σω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓σχῡ́σω	ῐ̓σχῡ́σεις	ῐ̓σχῡ́σει	ῐ̓σχῡ́σετον	ῐ̓σχῡ́σετον	ῐ̓σχῡ́σομεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́σετε	ῐ̓σχῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ῐ̓σχῡ́σοιμῐ	ῐ̓σχῡ́σοις	ῐ̓σχῡ́σοι	ῐ̓σχῡ́σοιτον	ῐ̓σχῡσοίτην	ῐ̓σχῡ́σοιμεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́σοιτε	ῐ̓σχῡ́σοιεν
		active
infinitive		ῐ̓σχῡ́σειν
participle	m	ῐ̓σχῡ́σων
	f	ῐ̓σχῡ́σουσᾰ
	n	ῐ̓σχῦσον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ῐ̓́σχῡσᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓́σχῡσᾰ	ῐ̓́σχῡσᾰς	ῐ̓́σχῡσε(ν)	ῐ̓σχῡ́σᾰτον	ῐ̓σχῡσᾰ́την	ῐ̓σχῡ́σᾰμεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́σᾰτε	ῐ̓́σχῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	ῐ̓σχῡ́σω	ῐ̓σχῡ́σῃς	ῐ̓σχῡ́σῃ	ῐ̓σχῡ́σητον	ῐ̓σχῡ́σητον	ῐ̓σχῡ́σωμεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́σητε	ῐ̓σχῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῐ̓σχῡ́σαιμῐ	ῐ̓σχῡ́σειᾰς, ῐ̓σχῡ́σαις	ῐ̓σχῡ́σειε(ν), ῐ̓σχῡ́σαι	ῐ̓σχῡ́σαιτον	ῐ̓σχῡσαίτην	ῐ̓σχῡ́σαιμεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́σαιτε	ῐ̓σχῡ́σειᾰν, ῐ̓σχῡ́σαιεν
	imperative		ῐ̓́σχῡσον	ῐ̓σχῡσᾰ́τω	ῐ̓σχῡ́σᾰτον	ῐ̓σχῡσᾰ́των		ῐ̓σχῡ́σᾰτε	ῐ̓σχῡσᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		ῐ̓σχῦσαι
participle	m	ῐ̓σχῡ́σᾱς
	f	ῐ̓σχῡ́σᾱσᾰ
	n	ῐ̓σχῦσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ῐ̓́σχῡκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓́σχῡκᾰ	ῐ̓́σχῡκᾰς	ῐ̓́σχῡκε(ν)	ῐ̓σχῡ́κᾰτον	ῐ̓σχῡ́κᾰτον	ῐ̓σχῡ́κᾰμεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́κᾰτε	ῐ̓σχῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῐ̓σχῡ́κω	ῐ̓σχῡ́κῃς	ῐ̓σχῡ́κῃ	ῐ̓σχῡ́κητον	ῐ̓σχῡ́κητον	ῐ̓σχῡ́κωμεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́κητε	ῐ̓σχῡ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῐ̓σχῡ́κοιμῐ, ῐ̓σχῡκοίην	ῐ̓σχῡ́κοις, ῐ̓σχῡκοίης	ῐ̓σχῡ́κοι, ῐ̓σχῡκοίη	ῐ̓σχῡ́κοιτον	ῐ̓σχῡκοίτην	ῐ̓σχῡ́κοιμεν	ῐ̓σχῡ́κοιτε	ῐ̓σχῡ́κοιεν
	imperative		ῐ̓́σχῡκε	ῐ̓σχῡκέτω	ῐ̓σχῡ́κετον	ῐ̓σχῡκέτων		ῐ̓σχῡ́κετε	ῐ̓σχῡκόντων
		active
infinitive		ῐ̓σχῡκέναι
participle	m	ῐ̓σχῡκώς
	f	ῐ̓σχῡκυῖᾰ
	n	ῐ̓σχῡκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ᾰ̓ντῐσχῡ́ω (ăntĭskhū́ō)
δῐῐ̈σχῡ́ω (dĭĭ̈skhū́ō)
ἐνῐσχῡ́ω (enĭskhū́ō)
ἐξῐσχῡ́ω (exĭskhū́ō)
ἐπῐσχῡ́ω (epĭskhū́ō)
κᾰτενῐσχῡ́ω (kătenĭskhū́ō)
κᾰτῐσχῡ́ω (kătĭskhū́ō)
προσῐσχῡ́ω (prosĭskhū́ō)
σῠνεξῐσχῡ́ω (sŭnexĭskhū́ō)
σῠνεπῐσχῡ́ω (sŭnepĭskhū́ō)
σῠνῐσχῡ́ω (sŭnĭskhū́ō)
ῠ̔περεξῐσχῡ́ω (hŭperexĭskhū́ō)
ῠ̔περῐσχῡ́ω (hŭperĭskhū́ō)

Descendants

Greek: ισχύω (ischýo)