ἔχθος
See also: ἐχθός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs-tos, from *h₁éǵʰs (“out”) + *-tos.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ékʰ.tʰos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈekʰ.tʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈex.θos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈex.θos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈex.θos/
Noun
ἔχθος • (ékhthos) n (genitive ἔχθους or ἔχθεος); third declension
- hate; hatred; enmity (intense aversion or dislike)
- Synonym: ἔχθρᾱ (ékhthrā)
- a hate; an odium; something hated (an object of one's hatred)
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ ἔχθος tò ékhthos |
τὼ ἔχθει tṑ ékhthei |
τᾰ̀ ἔχθη tằ ékhthē | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ἔχθους toû ékhthous |
τοῖν ἐχθοῖν toîn ekhthoîn |
τῶν ἐχθῶν tôn ekhthôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ἔχθει tōî ékhthei |
τοῖν ἐχθοῖν toîn ekhthoîn |
τοῖς ἔχθεσῐ / ἔχθεσῐν toîs ékhthesĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ ἔχθος tò ékhthos |
τὼ ἔχθει tṑ ékhthei |
τᾰ̀ ἔχθη tằ ékhthē | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἔχθος ékhthos |
ἔχθει ékhthei |
ἔχθη ékhthē | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἔχθος ékhthos |
ἔχθεε / ἔχθει ékhthee / ékhthei |
ἔχθεᾰ ékhtheă | ||||||||||
| Genitive | ἔχθεος / ἔχθευς ékhtheos / ékhtheus |
ἐχθέοιῐ̈ν ekhthéoiĭ̈n |
ἐχθέων ekhthéōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | ἔχθεῐ̈ / ἔχθει ékhtheĭ̈ / ékhthei |
ἐχθέοιῐ̈ν ekhthéoiĭ̈n |
ἔχθεσῐ / ἔχθεσῐν / ἔχθεσσῐ / ἔχθεσσῐν / ἐχθέεσσῐ / ἐχθέεσσῐν ékhthesĭ(n) / ékhthessĭ(n) / ekhthéessĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | ἔχθος ékhthos |
ἔχθεε / ἔχθει ékhthee / ékhthei |
ἔχθεᾰ ékhtheă | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἔχθος ékhthos |
ἔχθεε / ἔχθει ékhthee / ékhthei |
ἔχθεᾰ ékhtheă | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ ἔχθος tò ékhthos |
τὼ ἔχθεε / ἔχθει tṑ ékhthee / ékhthei |
τᾰ̀ ἔχθεᾰ tằ ékhtheă | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ἔχθεος / ἔχθευς toû ékhtheos / ékhtheus |
τοῖν ἐχθέοιν toîn ekhthéoin |
τῶν ἐχθέων tôn ekhthéōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ἔχθεῐ̈ / ἔχθει tōî ékhtheĭ̈ / ékhthei |
τοῖν ἐχθέοιν toîn ekhthéoin |
τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ἔχθεσῐ / ἔχθεσῐν toîsĭ(n) ékhthesĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ ἔχθος tò ékhthos |
τὼ ἔχθεε / ἔχθει tṑ ékhthee / ékhthei |
τᾰ̀ ἔχθεᾰ tằ ékhtheă | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἔχθος ékhthos |
ἔχθεε / ἔχθει ékhthee / ékhthei |
ἔχθεᾰ ékhtheă | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀπεχθάνομαι (apekhthánomai)
- ἀπέχθεια (apékhtheia)
- ἀπεχθής (apekhthḗs)
- ἀπεχθρῶς (apekhthrôs)
- ἀφιλέχθρως (aphilékhthrōs)
- ἄχθος (ákhthos)
- δημεχθής (dēmekhthḗs)
- διεχθραίνω (diekhthraínō)
- διεχθρεύω (diekhthreúō)
- ἐθελεχθρέω (ethelekhthréō)
- ἐθέλεχθρος (ethélekhthros)
- ἐθελεχθρῶ (ethelekhthrô)
- ἐθελοφίλεχθρος (ethelophílekhthros)
- εἰδεχθής (eidekhthḗs)
- ἐχθαίρω (ekhthaírō)
- ἔχθαρ (ékhthar)
- ἐχθαρτέος (ekhthartéos)
- ἐχθέγιον (ekhthégion)
- ἐχθέω (ekhthéō)
- ἔχθημα (ékhthēma)
- -εχθής (-ekhthḗs)
- ἐχθίζομαι (ekhthízomai)
- ἐχθιόνως (ekhthiónōs)
- ἐχθίστατος (ekhthístatos)
- ἔχθιστος (ékhthistos)
- ἐχθίων (ekhthíōn)
- ἐχθοδαπός (ekhthodapós)
- ἐχθοδοπέω (ekhthodopéō)
- ἐχθοδοπός (ekhthodopós)
- ἐχθοδοπῶ (ekhthodopô)
- ἔχθομαι (ékhthomai)
- ἐχθόσδικος (ekhthósdikos)
- ἔχθρᾱ (ékhthrā)
- ἐχθρᾱ́ (ekhthrā́)
- ἐχθραΐζω (ekhthraḯzō)
- ἐχθραίνομαι (ekhthraínomai)
- ἐχθραίνω (ekhthraínō)
- ἐχθραντέος (ekhthrantéos)
- ἐχθραντικός (ekhthrantikós)
- ἔχθρασμα (ékhthrasma)
- ἐχθρελέγκτης (ekhthrelénktēs)
- ἐχθρεμένος (ekhthreménos)
- ἐχθρεύγω (ekhthreúgō)
- ἐχθρεύομαι (ekhthreúomai)
- ἐχθρεύω (ekhthreúō)
- ἐχθρή (ekhthrḗ)
- ἔχθρη (ékhthrē)
- ἔχθρητα (ékhthrēta)
- ἐχθρία (ekhthría)
- ἐχθρικός (ekhthrikós)
- ἐχθρικῶς (ekhthrikôs)
- ἔχθριος (ékhthrios)
- ἔχθρισσα (ékhthrissa)
- ἐχθροδαίμων (ekhthrodaímōn)
- ἐχθροειδῶς (ekhthroeidôs)
- ἐχθρόθεος (ekhthrótheos)
- ἐχθρόκοσμος (ekhthrókosmos)
- ἐχθρολέτης (ekhthrolétēs)
- ἐχθρολέων (ekhthroléōn)
- ἐχθρόξενος (ekhthróxenos)
- ἐχθροποιέω (ekhthropoiéō)
- ἐχθροποιός (ekhthropoiós)
- ἐχθροποιῶ (ekhthropoiô)
- ἐχθρός (ekhthrós)
- ἐχθρόφρων (ekhthróphrōn)
- ἐχθρωδέω (ekhthrōdéō)
- ἐχθρώδης (ekhthrṓdēs)
- ἐχθρωδῶ (ekhthrōdô)
- ἐχθρωδῶς (ekhthrōdôs)
- ἐχθρωμένος (ekhthrōménos)
- ἐχθρῶς (ekhthrôs)
- ἐχθῦσαι (ekhthûsai)
- ἔχθω (ékhthō)
- θεοεχθία (theoekhthía)
- θεοεχθρία (theoekhthría)
- θεοισεχθρία (theoisekhthría)
- θεοσέχθρα (theosékhthra)
- θεοσεχθρία (theosekhthría)
- κατεχθραίνω (katekhthraínō)
- ὀχθέω (okhthéō)
- ὀχθρεμένος (okhthreménos)
- ὀχθρεύγω (okhthreúgō)
- ὀχθρεύω (okhthreúō)
- ὀχτρεύω (okhtreúō)
- συνεχθραίνω (sunekhthraínō)
- ὑπερεχθαίρω (huperekhthaírō)
- ὑπερεχθραίνω (huperekhthraínō)
- φιλεχθής (philekhthḗs)
- φιλεχθρέω (philekhthréō)
- φίλεχθρος (phílekhthros)
- φιλέχθρως (philékhthrōs)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔχθος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 488-9
Further reading
- “ἔχθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1901–1906), “ἔχθος”, in Moschos, Xenofon, transl., Konstantinidis, Michael, editor, Μέγα λεξικόν τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς γλώσσης [Méga lexikón tês Hellēnikês glṓssēs, Great Dictionary of the Greek Language] (overall work in Katharevousa), Athens: Anestis Konstantinidis, translation of original in English, with supplement
- ἔχθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “ἔχθος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἔχθος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011