ἔφαγον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-, zero-grade of *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”),^[1] with a semantic shift “*I received a share” → “*I consumed” → “I ate”. Compare also βαγαῖος (bagaîos).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.pʰa.ɡon/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.pʰa.ɡon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɸa.ɣon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/

Verb

ἔφᾰγον • (éphăgon)

to eat; devour
to squander

Conjugation

No present tense, except for φᾰγεῖ (phăgeî) and φᾰγέοις (phăgéois) in later Greek. Generally suppleted with ἐσθῐ́ω (esthĭ́ō) and ἔδω (édō). Also see τρώγω (trṓgō).

Future: φᾰ́γομαι (Koine)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	φᾰ́γομαι	φᾰ́γῃ, φᾰ́γει, φᾰ́γεσαι	φᾰ́γεται			φᾰγόμεθᾰ	φᾰ́γεσθε	φᾰ́γονται
middle	optative	φᾰγοίμην	φᾰ́γοιο	φᾰ́γοιτο			φᾰγοίμεθᾰ	φᾰ́γοισθε	φᾰ́γοιντο
					middle
infinitive					φᾰ́γεσθαι
participle	m				φᾰγόμενος
	f				φᾰγομένη
	n				φᾰγόμενον

Aorist: ἔφᾰγον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφᾰγον	ἔφᾰγες	ἔφᾰγε(ν)	ἐφᾰ́γετον	ἐφᾰγέτην	ἐφᾰ́γομεν	ἐφᾰ́γετε	ἔφᾰγον
	subjunctive	φᾰ́γω	φᾰ́γῃς	φᾰ́γῃ	φᾰ́γητον	φᾰ́γητον	φᾰ́γωμεν	φᾰ́γητε	φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φᾰ́γοιμῐ	φᾰ́γοις	φᾰ́γοι	φᾰ́γοιτον	φᾰγοίτην	φᾰ́γοιμεν	φᾰ́γοιτε	φᾰ́γοιεν
	imperative		φᾰ́γε	φᾰγέτω	φᾰ́γετον	φᾰγέτων		φᾰ́γετε	φᾰγόντων
		active
infinitive		φᾰγεῖν
participle	m	φᾰγών
	f	φᾰγοῦσᾰ
	n	φᾰγόν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: φᾰ́γον (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φᾰ́γον, ἔφᾰγον	φᾰ́γες, ἔφᾰγες	φᾰ́γε(ν), ἔφᾰγε(ν)	φᾰ́γετον, ἐφᾰ́γετον	φᾰγέτην, ἐφᾰγέτην	φᾰ́γομεν, ἐφᾰ́γομεν	φᾰ́γετε, ἐφᾰ́γετε	φᾰ́γον, ἔφᾰγον
	subjunctive	φᾰ́γω, φᾰ́γωμῐ	φᾰ́γῃς, φᾰ́γῃσθᾰ	φᾰ́γῃ, φᾰ́γῃσῐ(ν)	φᾰ́γητον	φᾰ́γητον	φᾰ́γωμεν	φᾰ́γητε	φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φᾰ́γοιμῐ	φᾰ́γοις, φᾰ́γοισθᾰ	φᾰ́γοι	φᾰγεῖτον	φᾰγείτην	φᾰγεῖμεν	φᾰγεῖτε	φᾰγεῖεν
	imperative		φᾰ́γε	φᾰγέτω	φᾰ́γετον	φᾰγέτων		φᾰ́γετε	φᾰγόντων
		active
infinitive		φᾰγεῖν, φᾰγέμεν(αι)
participle	m	φᾰγών
	f	φᾰγοῦσᾰ
	n	φᾰγόν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

φᾰ́γαινᾰ (phắgaină)
φᾰγᾰ́νθρωπος (phăgắnthrōpos)
φᾰγᾶς (phăgâs)
φᾰγέδαινᾰ (phăgédaină)
φᾰγεσωρῖτῐς (phăgesōrîtĭs)
φᾰγέσωρος (phăgésōros)
φᾰ́γημᾰ (phắgēmă)
φᾰγήσῐᾰ (phăgḗsĭă)
-φαγίᾱ (-phagíā)
φᾰ́γῐλος (phắgĭlos)
φᾰγολοίδορος (phăgoloídoros)
φᾰ́γος (phắgos)
-φᾰ́γος (-phắgos), -φᾰγος (-phăgos)
φᾰ́γων (phắgōn)

Descendants

→ English: phago-
Greek: έφαγα (éfaga) (perfective forms of τρώω (tróo))
Mariupol Greek: э́фага (éfaha) (perfect forms of тро́гу (tróhu))

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “φᾰγεῖν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1543