ἔρρω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Uncertain. Pokorny connected the root with *wers- (whence also Latin verrō (“to scrape”)),[1] though this connection is now largely rejected due to the presence of -ρρ- (-rrh-) outside of Attic.[2] The linguist Adam Cooper, however, still considers the semantic link with *wers- preferable due to the negative connotations of the Greek word.[3] According to Beekes, it is more probably derived from Proto-Indo-European *wert-ye-, from *wert- (“to turn”).[4] The LIV connects the term with the same root, though it instead tentatively suggests a derivation from a thematic root present *wért-e-.[5]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ἔρρω • (érrhō)

  1. to go slowly, to limp
  2. to wander
  3. to go or come to harm, to disappear
    (vulgar, usually imperative) Go to hell, perish, begone.

Inflection

   Present: ἔρρω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρρω ἔρρεις ἔρρει ἔρρετον ἔρρετον ἔρρομεν ἔρρετε ἔρρουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἔρρω ἔρρῃς ἔρρῃ ἔρρητον ἔρρητον ἔρρωμεν ἔρρητε ἔρρωσῐ(ν)
optative ἔρροιμῐ ἔρροις ἔρροι ἔρροιτον ἐρροίτην ἔρροιμεν ἔρροιτε ἔρροιεν
imperative   ἔρρε ἐρρέτω ἔρρετον ἐρρέτων   ἔρρετε ἐρρόντων
active
infinitive ἔρρειν
participle m ἔρρων
f ἔρρουσᾰ
n ἔρρον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἦρρον
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦρρον ἦρρες ἦρρε(ν) ἤρρετον ἠρρέτην ἤρρομεν ἤρρετε ἦρρον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐρρήσω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρρήσω ἐρρήσεις ἐρρήσει ἐρρήσετον ἐρρήσετον ἐρρήσομεν ἐρρήσετε ἐρρήσουσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρρήσοιμῐ ἐρρήσοις ἐρρήσοι ἐρρήσοιτον ἐρρησοίτην ἐρρήσοιμεν ἐρρήσοιτε ἐρρήσοιεν
active
infinitive ἐρρήσειν
participle m ἐρρήσων
f ἐρρήσουσᾰ
n ἐρρῆσον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἤρρησᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἤρρησᾰ ἤρρησᾰς ἤρρησε(ν) ἠρρήσᾰτον ἠρρησᾰ́την ἠρρήσᾰμεν ἠρρήσᾰτε ἤρρησᾰν
subjunctive ἐρρήσω ἐρρήσῃς ἐρρήσῃ ἐρρήσητον ἐρρήσητον ἐρρήσωμεν ἐρρήσητε ἐρρήσωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρρήσαιμῐ ἐρρήσειᾰς,
ἐρρήσαις 		ἐρρήσειε(ν),
ἐρρήσαι 		ἐρρήσαιτον ἐρρησαίτην ἐρρήσαιμεν ἐρρήσαιτε ἐρρήσειᾰν,
ἐρρήσαιεν
imperative   ἔρρησον ἐρρησᾰ́τω ἐρρήσᾰτον ἐρρησᾰ́των   ἐρρήσᾰτε ἐρρησᾰ́ντων
active
infinitive ἐρρῆσαι
participle m ἐρρήσᾱς
f ἐρρήσᾱσᾰ
n ἐρρῆσᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἤρρηκᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἤρρηκᾰ ἤρρηκᾰς ἤρρηκε(ν) ἠρρήκᾰτον ἠρρήκᾰτον ἠρρήκᾰμεν ἠρρήκᾰτε ἠρρήκᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἠρρήκω ἠρρήκῃς ἠρρήκῃ ἠρρήκητον ἠρρήκητον ἠρρήκωμεν ἠρρήκητε ἠρρήκωσῐ(ν)
optative ἠρρήκοιμῐ,
ἠρρηκοίην 		ἠρρήκοις,
ἠρρηκοίης 		ἠρρήκοι,
ἠρρηκοίη 		ἠρρήκοιτον ἠρρηκοίτην ἠρρήκοιμεν ἠρρήκοιτε ἠρρήκοιεν
imperative   ἤρρηκε ἠρρηκέτω ἠρρήκετον ἠρρηκέτων   ἠρρήκετε ἠρρηκόντων
active
infinitive ἠρρηκέναι
participle m ἠρρηκώς
f ἠρρηκυῖᾰ
n ἠρρηκός
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • ἀνέρρω (anérrhō)
  • ἀπέρρω (apérrhō)
  • εἰσέρρω (eisérrhō)
  • ἐξέρρω (exérrhō)
  • περιέρρω (periérrhō)

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1169-1170
  2. ^ Batisti, Roberto (7 November 2017), Logozzo, Felicia, Poccetti, Paolo, editors, The outcome of liquid and sibilant clusters in Ancient Greek‎[1], De Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, page 5
  3. ^ Cooper, Adam I. (October 9, 2014), Reconciling Indo-European Syllabification (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics)‎[2], volume 13, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 112
  4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
  5. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ṷert-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 691-692

Further reading

  • “ἔρρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ἔρρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ἔρρω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ἔρρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ἔρρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Frisk, Hjalmar (1960), “ἔρρω”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 566
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