ἔγχρισμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐν- (en-, “in”) +‎ χρῖσμα (khrîsma), from χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /éŋ.kʰriːz.ma/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈeŋ.kʰriz.ma/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈeŋ.xriz.ma/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈeŋ.xriz.ma/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈeŋ.xriz.ma/

Noun

ἔγχρῑσμᾰ • (énkhrīsmă) n (genitive ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτος); third declension

(medicine) liniment, embrocation, ointment applied by rubbing
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On the Humors 5:
  χρίσμασιν, ἐγχρίσμασιν, ἐπιπλάστοισιν, ἐμπλάστοισιν, ἐπιπάστοισιν
  khrísmasin, enkhrísmasin, epiplástoisin, emplástoisin, epipástoisin
  with ointments, liniments, plasters, poultices, dusting powders

Declension

Third declension of τὸ ἔγχρῑσμᾰ; τοῦ ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἔγχρῑσμᾰ tò énkhrīsmă	τὼ ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτε tṑ enkhrī́smăte	τᾰ̀ ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτᾰ tằ enkhrī́smătă
Genitive	τοῦ ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτος toû enkhrī́smătos	τοῖν ἐγχρῑσμᾰ́τοιν toîn enkhrīsmắtoin	τῶν ἐγχρῑσμᾰ́των tôn enkhrīsmắtōn
Dative	τῷ ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτῐ tōî enkhrī́smătĭ	τοῖν ἐγχρῑσμᾰ́τοιν toîn enkhrīsmắtoin	τοῖς ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰσῐ / ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰσῐν toîs enkhrī́smăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἔγχρῑσμᾰ tò énkhrīsmă	τὼ ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτε tṑ enkhrī́smăte	τᾰ̀ ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτᾰ tằ enkhrī́smătă
Vocative	ἔγχρῑσμᾰ énkhrīsmă	ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτε enkhrī́smăte	ἐγχρῑ́σμᾰτᾰ enkhrī́smătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Usage notes

The noun ἔγχρῑσμα (énkhrīsma) refers specifically to a medicinal preparation applied by rubbing into the body, distinguished in Hippocratic and later medical literature from other topical treatments such as ἐπίπλαστος (epíplastos) (plaster) or ἐπιπάστος (epipástos) (powder). It belongs to a technical medical register and is frequent in descriptions of therapeutic regimens.

Related terms

ἐγχρῑ́ω (enkhrī́ō)
ἔγχρῑσις (énkhrīsis)