ἄγριος

See also: άγριος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵr̥yos (“campestral, of a field”). By surface analysis, ἀγρός (agrós, “field, country”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.ɡri.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɡri.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣri.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣri.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣri.os/

Adjective

ᾰ̓́γρῐος • (ắgrĭos) m (feminine ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱ, neuter ᾰ̓́γρῐον); first/second declension

living in the open fields
(of plants or animals) wild (non-domesticated)
Antonym: ἥμερος (hḗmeros)
(of people or animals) wild; savage; violent; fierce
(of situations) cruel; harsh

Usage notes

Some writers treat ἄγριος as solely a second declension adjective, and so adjectives declined as masculine may be masculine or feminine.

Declension

First and second declension of ᾰ̓́γρῐος; ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱ; ᾰ̓́γρῐον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̓́γρῐος ắgrĭos	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱ ăgrĭ́ā	ᾰ̓́γρῐον ắgrĭon	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ω ăgrĭ́ō	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱ ăgrĭ́ā	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ω ăgrĭ́ō	ᾰ̓́γρῐοι ắgrĭoi	ᾰ̓́γρῐαι ắgrĭai	ᾰ̓́γρῐᾰ ắgrĭă
Genitive	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ου ăgrĭ́ou	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱς ăgrĭ́ās	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ου ăgrĭ́ou	ᾰ̓γρῐ́οιν ăgrĭ́oin	ᾰ̓γρῐ́αιν ăgrĭ́ain	ᾰ̓γρῐ́οιν ăgrĭ́oin	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ων ăgrĭ́ōn	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ων ăgrĭ́ōn	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ων ăgrĭ́ōn
Dative	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ῳ ăgrĭ́ōi	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾳ ăgrĭ́āi	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ῳ ăgrĭ́ōi	ᾰ̓γρῐ́οιν ăgrĭ́oin	ᾰ̓γρῐ́αιν ăgrĭ́ain	ᾰ̓γρῐ́οιν ăgrĭ́oin	ᾰ̓γρῐ́οις ăgrĭ́ois	ᾰ̓γρῐ́αις ăgrĭ́ais	ᾰ̓γρῐ́οις ăgrĭ́ois
Accusative	ᾰ̓́γρῐον ắgrĭon	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱν ăgrĭ́ān	ᾰ̓́γρῐον ắgrĭon	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ω ăgrĭ́ō	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱ ăgrĭ́ā	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ω ăgrĭ́ō	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ους ăgrĭ́ous	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱς ăgrĭ́ās	ᾰ̓́γρῐᾰ ắgrĭă
Vocative	ᾰ̓́γρῐε ắgrĭe	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱ ăgrĭ́ā	ᾰ̓́γρῐον ắgrĭon	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ω ăgrĭ́ō	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾱ ăgrĭ́ā	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ω ăgrĭ́ō	ᾰ̓́γρῐοι ắgrĭoi	ᾰ̓́γρῐαι ắgrĭai	ᾰ̓́γρῐᾰ ắgrĭă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ᾰ̓γρῐ́ως ăgrĭ́ōs			ᾰ̓γρῐώτερος ăgrĭṓteros			ᾰ̓γρῐώτᾰτος ăgrĭṓtătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Ᾰ̓γρῐ́αι (Ăgrĭ́ai)
ᾰ̓γρῐαίνω (ăgrĭaínō)
ᾰ̓γρῐᾰ́μπελος (ăgrĭắmpelos)
Ᾰ̓γρῐᾶνες (Ăgrĭânes)
ᾰ̓γρῐᾰ́νθρωπος (ăgrĭắnthrōpos)
ᾰ̓γρῐᾰπῐδέᾱ (ăgrĭăpĭdéā)
ᾰ̓γρῐ́ᾰππῐς (ăgrĭ́ăppĭs)
ᾰ̓γρῐᾰ́ω (ăgrĭắō)
Ᾰ̓γρῐεῖς (Ăgrĭeîs)
ᾰ̓γρῐελαίᾱ (ăgrĭelaíā)
ᾰ̓γρῐελᾱ́ῐ̈νος (ăgrĭelā́ĭ̈nos)
ᾰ̓γρῐέλαιος (ăgrĭélaios)
ᾰ̓γρῐεύς (ăgrĭeús)
ᾰ̓γρῐοᾰππῐ́δῐον (ăgrĭoăppĭ́dĭon)
ᾰ̓γρῐοβᾰ́λᾰνος (ăgrĭobắlănos)
ᾰ̓γρῐοελαίᾱ (ăgrĭoelaíā)
ᾰ̓γρῐόθῡμος (ăgrĭóthūmos)
ᾰ̓γρῐόκᾰρδον (ăgrĭókărdon)
ᾰ̓γρῐοκρόμμῠον (ăgrĭokrómmŭon)
ᾰ̓́γρῐον (ắgrĭon)
ᾰ̓γρῐόρροδον (ăgrĭórrhodon)
Ᾰ̓́γρῐος (Ắgrĭos)
ᾰ̓́γρῐος πεύκος (ắgrĭos peúkos)
ᾰ̓́γρῐος σόχος (ắgrĭos sókhos)
ᾰ̓γρῐόφῠλλον (ăgrĭóphŭllon)
ᾰ̓γρῐόχοιρος (ăgrĭókhoiros)
ᾰ̓γρῐόω (ăgrĭóō)
ᾰ̓́γρῐφος (ắgrĭphos)
βοῦς ᾰ̓́γρῐος (boûs ắgrĭos)
ἡμῐᾰ́γρῐος (hēmĭắgrĭos)
κᾰτᾰ́γρῐος (kătắgrĭos)
μελᾰνᾰ́γρῐος (melănắgrĭos)
μεσᾰ́γρῐος (mesắgrĭos)
πᾰνᾰ́γρῐος (pănắgrĭos)
σῐ́κῠος ᾰ̓́γρῐος (sĭ́kŭos ắgrĭos)

Descendants

Greek: άγριος (ágrios, “wild, fierce”)
→ Albanian: egër^[2]

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀγρός (> DER > ἄγριος)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16
^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “egër”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 86

“ἄγριος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἄγριος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἄγριος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἄγριος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ἄγριος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἄγριος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
“ἄγριος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G66 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- atrocious idem, page 49.
- barbarous idem, page 62.
- brutal idem, page 102.
- cruel idem, page 187.
- devilish idem, page 220.
- fell idem, page 314.
- ferocious idem, page 316.
- fiendish idem, page 318.
- fierce idem, page 318.
- grisly idem, page 374.
- hard idem, page 385.
- heartless idem, page 392.
- inhuman idem, page 441.
- savage idem, page 735.
- stony idem, page 819.
- uncivilised idem, page 909.
- uncultivated idem, page 911.
- unnamed idem, page 926.
- unreclaimed idem, page 929.
- untamable idem, page 934.
- untamed idem, page 934.
- wild idem, page 979.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀγρός (> DER > ἄγριος)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16

[2] Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “egër”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 86

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