ἀπειλή

See also: απειλή

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂pelH- (“to speak publicly”), and related via this root to Latvian pel̂t (“to revile”). Assuming s-mobile, said root has further been compared with Proto-Germanic *spellą (“tale, story”) and Old Armenian առասպել (aṙaspel, “myth, legend”), suggesting an equivalence to Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to speak publicly”). More dubious is the relation to Tocharian A pällāntär and Tocharian B pällātär (“to praise”), via a supposed nasal present *(s)pelnH-.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.peː.lɛ̌ː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.piˈle̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.piˈli/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.piˈli/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.piˈli/

Noun

ᾰ̓πειλή • (ăpeilḗ) f (genitive ἀπειλῆς); first declension

(mostly in the plural) boastful promises, boasts
(mostly in the plural) threat, menace, threatening condition
Synonym: βρῑ́μη (brī́mē)

Declension

First declension of ἡ ᾰ̓πειλή; τῆς ᾰ̓πειλῆς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̓πειλή hē ăpeilḗ	τὼ ᾰ̓πειλᾱ́ tṑ ăpeilā́	αἱ ᾰ̓πειλαί hai ăpeilaí
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̓πειλῆς tês ăpeilês	τοῖν ᾰ̓πειλαῖν toîn ăpeilaîn	τῶν ᾰ̓πειλῶν tôn ăpeilôn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̓πειλῇ tēî ăpeilēî	τοῖν ᾰ̓πειλαῖν toîn ăpeilaîn	ταῖς ᾰ̓πειλαῖς taîs ăpeilaîs
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̓πειλήν tḕn ăpeilḗn	τὼ ᾰ̓πειλᾱ́ tṑ ăpeilā́	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓πειλᾱ́ς tā̀s ăpeilā́s
Vocative	ᾰ̓πειλή ăpeilḗ	ᾰ̓πειλᾱ́ ăpeilā́	ᾰ̓πειλαί ăpeilaí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀπειλέω (apeiléō)
ἀπείλημα (apeílēma)
ἀπείλησις (apeílēsis)
ἀπειλητήρ (apeilētḗr)
ἀπειλητήριος (apeilētḗrios)
ἀπειλητής (apeilētḗs)
ἀπειλητικός (apeilētikós)

Descendants

Greek: απειλή (apeilí)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀπειλή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 114

“ἀπειλή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἀπειλή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἀπειλή in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἀπειλή in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
ἀπειλή in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache‎^[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
ἀπειλή, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀπειλή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 114

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